The student's criterion for being diagnosed with MLD (Mathematics Learning Disabilities) can be classified as low arithmetic skills and poor working memory. The goal of this research is to understand students' process of thinking through the Polya stages when tackling arithmetic problems, as it has been expounded by Dr. Polya For students who have…

Mathematical knowledge involving whole number multiplication and division is integral to understanding multiplicative structures such as ratios, slope, rate of change, and proportions, which are important in subsequent mathematical learning. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a research-based intervention, schema-based instruction…

Informed by a constructivist-based, student-adaptive pedagogical approach, this study explores the benefits of teacher-learner discourse moves for the mathematics learning of students with learning disabilities (LD). During a constructivist teaching experiment for nurturing the multiplicative reasoning and problem solving of five third-grade…

The present study is the first to examine the computation estimation skills of dyscalculics versus controls using the estimation comparison task. In this task, participants judged whether an estimated answer to a multidigit multiplication problem was larger or smaller than a given reference number. While dyscalculics were less accurate than…

While mathematics education is key to the post-school outcomes of students with disabilities, it has received less attention in research and practice compared with other aspects of educating this population. Skill maintenance is particularly crucial in mathematics because students build upon prior knowledge across grade levels. They also need to…

As today's classrooms become more and more diverse, there is a growing need to explore the intersection between English Learners (ELs) and students with learning disabilities (LD) in the content-specific instruction of mathematics problem solving. The aim of this study was to determine which types of instructional scaffolds may be used by math…

Many general and special education teachers teach mathematics word problems by defining problems as a single operation and linking key words to specific operations. Unfortunately, teaching students to approach word problems in these ways discourages mathematical reasoning and frequently produces incorrect answers. This article lists eight common…

Many general and special education teachers across the U.S. teach word problems by defining problems as a single operation (e.g., "Today, we're working on subtraction word problems") and linking key words (e.g., more, altogether, share, twice) to specific operations (e.g., share means to divide). Unfortunately, teaching students to…

In this case study, we examine the usage of language -- how teachers used and regulated their language when teaching English language learners (ELLs) with learning disabilities (LD) how to solve mathematics multiplication problems. We focus on types of scaffolds used by teachers to identify how scaffolding helps ELLs with LD build better…

This research aims to analyze ways of understanding of students with mathematics learning disabilities when learning fraction. The research was conducted in an Inclusive Junior High School in the West Java Province, Indonesia. This study is qualitative, with the single-case (holistic) designs. The case will focus on three students who suspected of…

The Common Core Mathematics Standards have raised expectations for schools and students in the United States. These standards demand much deeper content knowledge from teachers of mathematics and their students. Given the increasingly diverse student population in today's classrooms and shortage of qualified special education teachers,…

The purpose of this study was to better understand how students with learning disabilities, including those who struggle specifically with mathematics, engage with fraction computation. In particular, we examined error patterns, the influence of like and unlike denominators on these patterns, and correct solution methods. Although skill-related…

Over the last two decades, students in Singapore consistently scored above students from other nations on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS; Provasnik et al., 2012). In contrast, students in the United States have not performed as well on international and national mathematics assessments and students with…

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a strategic training program for improving students' performance in solving multiplication problems. The participants were 3 third graders with math difficulties. In this teaching experiment, microgenetic analysis was used to analyze improvement in students' strategic development…

The current study examined the development of two effects that have been found in single-digit multiplication errors: relatedness and distance. Typically achieving (TA) second, fourth, and sixth graders and adults, and sixth and eighth graders with a mathematics learning disability (MLD) performed a verification task. Relatedness was defined by a…