To date, little is known regarding how to best design instruction/guidance prompts that support learners' participation in collaborative argumentation (CA). To address this gap, this study compared the influence of two instruction/guidance prompts prior to learners' CA: problem representation (executive summary of the problem) and full…

Reflection is critical for adolescents' problem solving and learning in game-based learning environments (GBLEs). Yet challenges exist in the literature because most studies lack a theoretical perspective and clear operational definition to inform how and when reflection should be scaffolded during game-based learning. In this paper, we address…

Literature suggests that the mathematical language of teachers impacts a student's understanding of math concepts. When teachers unintentionally use ambiguous language, students' understanding of a subject can be negatively affected. We share background on specific instances in which teachers can create confusion with the language they use, and we…