The most common challenges students face in solving first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be overcome by identifying the types of errors, understanding the factors that cause difficulties, and finding appropriate solutions. Therefore, this research aimed to adopt a descriptive qualitative approach, including nine sixth-semester students enrolled in the Department of Mathematics Education at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang (FMIPA UNP). Data pertaining to students' performance was gathered through tests and documentation. Students' work was analyzed using SOLO taxonomy and Newman error analysis. The results showed that students' performance in solving first-order ODE was unsatisfactory due to conceptual errors, such as weak algebraic skills, incorrect formula usage, lack of knowledge in solving simple linear equations, and calculation errors. This research recommended examination at other universities to confirm these results and explore alternative solutions.