Based on a synthesis of the literature, a model for problem posing cognitive processes was formulated, and validated. The major constructs incorporated in this framework were the situations in which problem posing occurs. For each situation, four cognitive processes were established: the editing of problems based on iconic or symbolic stimuli, the…

The focus is on the metacognitive awareness of ten high-achieving high school pupils from Denmark and England and their cognitive learning process. Un-structured interviews in smaller groups investigates how they say they learn a mathematical concept that is new to them. I develop the "CULTIS model for analysis" (Consciousness,…

We report a study of 10-14 year old children's use of additive strategies while solving ratio and proportion tasks. Rasch methodology was used to develop a diagnostic instrument that reveals children's misconceptions. Two versions of this instrument, one with "models" thought to facilitate proportional reasoning and one without were…

In the study, a part of longitudinal research focused on the emergence of mathematical knowledge structures in a learner's mind is presented. It concentrates on the analysis of introspective data gained from the author's study of a non-standard arithmetic structure in terms of the model of abstraction in context (Hershkowitz, Schwarz and Dreyfus).…

To examine the utility of the "Systematic Self-Reflection" (SSR) process, a study investigated the effects of three levels of self-reflection--systematic, focused, and random--on problem solving and efficacy in 62 elementary school teachers. The study examined the application of four components of a problem-solving model (problem…

This report describes the decision-making model that provides the theoretical framework being developed by the Early Childhood Research Institute on Measuring Growth and Development (ECRI-MGD) in a 5-year project to generate a set of common child and family indicators that can be used within a comprehensive system of service delivery for young…

Identified difficulties encountered in spontaneous modeling, as well as strategies, approaches, and language used in this activity. Graduate mathematics students (N=223) were asked to create a mathematical model of a biological process. Their solutions and strategies are analyzed and results described. Significant conclusions for teaching applied…

One potential factor contributing to increased productivity in higher education is the implementation of instructional innovations. A model of the innovation process was tested. Results suggest that formal organizational mechanisms for facilitating the discovery and implementation of innovations are as important to the process as faculty…

Presents a model for solving genetics problems when problem statements include information on which alleles are dominant/recessive and on what forms of a trait are coded for by the alleles. Includes procedural steps employed in a solution and conceptual knowledge of genetics/meiosis allowing students to justify what they have done. (Author/JN)

Presents problem solving model based on "Pac Man," which is designed to help develop systematic, throughtful, and productive decision making skills. The model--including steps in problem solving process, suggested questions for teachers to ask students, anticipated student responses--and applications to new situations are discussed. Four…

Uses case examples to illustrate how cognitive-behavioral interventions can be applied to social work situations. Suggests by emphasizing the interaction of personal and environmental realities in influencing change, a cognitive-behavioral perspective of human functioning can provide a useful theoretical framework for direct practice in social…

Several mathematical problems designed to provide motivation for the application of mathematics to practical situations in sports and industry are presented. (MP)

A general analysis of the learning process precedes the discussion of a teaching model designed to provide effective control of the process of attaining knowledge. Features of the model discussed include preliminary knowledge, motivation, presentation and activities, feedback, and planning the assimilation process of a complete subject. A 21-item…

Technical program planners tailor curricula to the needs of industry, sometimes giving minimal attention to the needs of students. Application of the problem-solving model creates new jobs to meet the needs of students as well as industry. (Author)