This paper identifies two intellectual traditions that dominate professional education, one concentrating on content coverage and one concentrating on the profession's problem-solving processes. It then examines several fields of professional education, some of which have exclusively adopted one or the other of these traditions and some of which…

In early 1983, a questionnaire was sent to members of the Public Relations Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication to determine whether they perceived the role of public relations practitioners to be one of four types: expert prescriber, communication technician, communication facilitator, or problem solving…

This paper describes a plan to improve school effectiveness in the Tulsa (Oklahoma) Public Schools by incorporating instruction in thinking skills. The program selected by the school district was the Strategic Reasoning Program, based on Albert Upton's Design for Thinking and J. P. Guilford's Structure of the Intellect. The Strategic Reasoning…

This paper explores the thesis that advances in computer applications and artificial intelligence have important implications for the study of development and learning in psychology. Current approaches to the use of computers as devices for problem solving, reasoning, and thinking--i.e., expert systems and intelligent tutoring systems--are…

This publication contains seven papers by the staff of the University of Exeter School of Education and by invited outside contributors. The focus is on the changing mathematics curriculum, instructional practices, and research findings. The papers are: (1) "Mathematics Education for the 21st Century: It's Time for a Revolution!" (David…

Various theories and approaches to conflict resolution and peace education are presented in the 31 resources listed in this annotated bibliography. It is divided into two sections. Section 1 contains materials designed to help adults become more effective role models for the peaceful resolution of conflict. Topics include parent/child conflicts,…

This handbook is designed for adults who left school at minimum leaving age with few or no qualifications and are returning to education many years later. Its focus is on a particular course in history, politics, and economics offered to students in Liverpool, England. The handbook is intended for use as the basis for group work, not for…

Instructional leadership is long-term dedication to instructional excellence that includes both instructional and school management issues. Recent research suggests that effective principals can make a significant difference in their schools' instructional programs through a combination of personal traits, particularly a strong belief in their…

The paper explains why outdoor adventure education programs have been successful in enhancing the self-esteem of special needs students. Such an approach features physically or psychologically demanding outdoor pursuits to provide meaningful challenges through self-discovery and personal growth. Ways in which the program fosters five prerequisites…

This combination methods and resource book is written for preservice and inservice teachers of mathematics in the elementary school. It presents a program based on the research of the learning theories of Piaget, Brownell, Deines, Skemp, and Gagne and on successful classroom practices. The 14 chapters deal with: (1) "Mathematics in the Elementary…

To improve the responsiveness of educational programs to the needs of low achieving, at risk students, Research for Better Schools (RBS) has developed an assessment procedure. This document is the portion of that procedure that addresses the involvement of students in their learning, or how low achieving students cognitively operate on content.…

This study used knowledge derived from classroom-based research on teaching and laboratory-based research on children's learning to improve teachers' classroom instruction and students' achievement. Twenty first-grade teachers, assigned randomly to an experimental treatment, participated in a month-long workshop in which they studied findings on…

Intended to introduce educators in secondary schools and colleges to discussion promoting economic literacy for all students, this paper offers a critique of the typical economics curriculum, a rationale for economics education, and a working definition of economic literacy. The first section reviews and critiques current curriculum planning in…

The content of textbooks teaching the use of a computer was studied. An important component of skill learning, choosing the right procedure at the right time, is difficult in computer education because the connection between real-world goals and the generic procedures described in a manual is often obscure. Furthermore, it is difficult to tell…

Problem solving has long been a concern of science educators, with many asserting that problem solving should be both the overriding method and valued outcome of science instruction in American schools. This information bulletin synthesizes studies that deal with the relationships between the teaching of problem solving and secondary school…