This literature review summarizes trends and issues in the 1991 education literature relating to adult and vocational education; counseling; elementary education, especially problem solving and thinking skills training; the handicapped and special education; curricular issues; educational management in elementary and secondary schools; higher…

Presents two worksheets that ask students to count and classify the triangles that can be formed with a given total number of toothpicks or a given number of toothpicks for one side of the triangle. A third worksheet asks students to identify patterns observed during the investigations. Provides reproducible worksheets. (MDH)

Describes three activities that the teacher can employ to help students develop thinking skills through mathematics instruction: (1) memorization using the technique of chunking; (2) higher order thinking with magic squares; and (3) predicting games. Identifies eight facets of the teacher's role in promoting thinking skills. (MDH)

Presents real life vignettes of a fifth grade teacher teaching mathematics. The teacher intended her students to find mathematics engaging, work cooperatively, and solve problems that relate to real life experiences. Noted a questionable focus and outcome for the teaching activities. (BB)

Specific recommendations are made to implement education in science/technology/environment/society (STES) issues in Canadian schools. Functional STES literacy will enable students to take positions on issues based on their cognitive analyses and value systems. Contemporary science teaching neglects the problem solving that real STES education will…

Describes a project that addresses the problem of the failure rate of African-American and Hispanic students in calculus. Discusses a solution that offers minority students a combination of workshops with intensified sections of the calculus course that challenge the students. (MDH)

Described is a course designed to teach students about fractals using various teaching methods including the computer. Discussed are why the course drew students, prerequisites, clientele, textbook, grading, computer usage, and the syllabus. (KR)

Presented are exercises that demonstrate the application of standard concepts in the design of algorithms for plotting certain fractals. The exercises can be used in any course that explains the concepts of bounded or unbounded planar sets and may serve as an application in a course on complex analysis. (KR)

Compares performances of students on gas-law problems that require two distinct approaches, either the algorithmic technique or the conceptual gestalt. Indicates that student effectiveness is considerably different utilizing each approach and that training or experience with the algorithm process should not be expected to facilitate the…

A class project to design a robe for the pastor of Church of England primary school was undertaken to give children a first-hand problem-solving experience and increase their involvement in the church activities. Much mathematics and communication was required to complete this cooperative learning task. (MDH)

The improvement of the problem-solving processes of school administrators is explored by examining the following: (1) role of systematic instruction; (2) impact of instructional focus on general processes used by experts; and (3) promising strategies. Subjects are 14 principals and 8 first-year vice principals in Toronto (Canada). (SLD)

Presents an experiment to examine the relative effects of cooperative groups versus independent practice in helping students encode problem-solving strategies into their long-term memory. Four classes of 126 prealgebra students were randomly assigned to employ the 2 methodologies. Students who practiced in cooperative groups demonstrated greater…

Utilizes a quasiexperimental design to examine the impact of microcomputer simulations on environmental problem solving by community college students. The experimental group of students (n=34) showed a highly significant improvement in problem-solving skills after being exposed to three simulation models that focused on lake pollution analysis,…

Describes a study of high school students that investigated the use of microcomputers to teach principles relating to the design and interpretation of graphs. Results related to student achievement, higher order thinking skills, and behavioral protocols are discussed. A sample assignment sheet and test questions are appended. (66 references) (LRW)

Discussion of the instructional effectiveness of educational software focuses on a study of undergraduates that investigated the effectiveness of a problem-solving program designed to assist students in solving nonlinear optimization problems. Results are reported that indicate manual procedures resulted in greater learning than use of the…