Points out the problem solving approach differences between experts and beginners' tactics. Recommends introducing new concepts into instruction to induce disequilibrium and force students to make new explanations. Uses chemical equilibrium as an example to explain the metaphor. (YDS)

Considers meaningful learning as the prime goal of education. Discusses characteristics of meaningful learning, including active, constructive, cumulative, goal oriented, and self-regulated; memory and organization of knowledge; problem solving ability; and models of instruction and learning theories, including novice versus expert. (LRW)

The preproblem pondering strategy of "anticipate the answer" involves attempts to anticipate the form of the answer and the answer's relationship to the conditions of the problem. It draws on the skills of recognition, identification, interpretation and builds confidence.

A mathematical problem is solved using the extension-reduction or build it up-tear it down tactic. This technique is implemented in reviving students' earlier knowledge to enable them to apply this knowledge to solving new problems.

Pick's theorem can be used in various ways just like a lemon. This theorem generally finds its way in the syllabus approximately at the middle school level and in fact at times students have even calculated the area of a state considering its outline with the help of the above theorem.

This exploratory study used structured tasks as direct measures of approaches to learning to examine a potentially important domain of school readiness that is comprised of the multiple ways children engage in learning situations. A structured task designed to measure problem-solving flexibility was found to relate to a subset of a teacher rating…

In project-based learning, students work in groups to solve challenging problems. They decide on an approach and what activities to pursue. Their teachers guide and advise them rather than direct the work. The process that students use is to gather information from many sources, analyze the value of what they find, and derive knowledge from it.…

It is usually assumed that successful problem solving in knowledge-rich domains depends on the availability of abstract problem-type schemas whose acquisition can be supported by presenting students with worked examples. Conventionally designed worked examples often focus on information that is related to the main components of problem-type…

Students analyze a photograph to solve mathematical questions related to the images captured in the photograph.

Students analyze a photograph to solve mathematical questions related to the images captured in the photograph.

In this study we investigated the effects of two treatments supplementing students' (16 to 18 years of age and in pre-university education) regular course in economics. One treatment, labelled concept treatment, aimed at the solidification of the students' knowledge about economic concepts and their interrelations. The other treatment, labeled…

The basic purpose of shaping college students' and upper-grade school students' critical thinking, as well as that of adults who do not have established skills of thinking creatively, is to expand their thinking competences in order to deal effectively with social, scientific, and practical problems. In the process of teaching uppergrade students,…

Many innovative approaches to education such as problem-based learning (PBL) and inquiry learning (IL) situate learning in problem-solving or investigations of complex phenomena. Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006) grouped these approaches together with unguided discovery learning. However, the problem with their line of argument is that IL and…

Effects of guided (GI) and direct instruction (DI) in solving subtraction problems for mathematically low performers in regular schools were compared. In the GI condition, self-development of solution procedures was encouraged whereas in the DI condition one prescribed strategy was to be used. Forty children (M[subscript age] = 9.3 years) were…

Children must develop reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills because those skills are required for success in any discipline. Consequently, in their mathematical development students need to be able to read, write, speak and listen in mathematical terms. Research indicates that children's literature provides a means to promote such…