The cognitive determinants of number series completion performance were studied by presenting a systematic set of problems to college adults and to average- and high-IQ elementary school children. In each group, a combination of process and content-knowledge variables accounted for more than 70 percent of the variance in solution difficulty.…

What is meant by meaningful instruction is discussed in terms of interest and relevance, pseudo-real problems, unconscious reinforcement, stories for symbols, and mathematical mirrors. That mathematics must be talked about with and by children is emphasized. (MNS)

Using data and analyses gathered from multiple sources, this article discusses how students learn in reading, writing, and mathematics. A section on reading concentrates on methods and materials that motivate, a writing section concentrates on content, and a mathematics section discusses procedures for problem solving. A bibliography is included.…

Assessed counselor trainees' problem solving skills before and after participation in two training programs. Results provide evidence that trainees learning core conditions, and a nondirective interview style show equal problem-solving effectiveness compared to counselors trained in a directive style. (Author/JAC)

A general analysis of the learning process precedes the discussion of a teaching model designed to provide effective control of the process of attaining knowledge. Features of the model discussed include preliminary knowledge, motivation, presentation and activities, feedback, and planning the assimilation process of a complete subject. A 21-item…

It was concluded that repeated review is more beneficial to deaf than to hearing students, and that it selectively affects memory tasks (recall and recognition) more than tasks requiring higher level processing (concept acquisition and problem solving). (Author/DLS)

The paper divides achievement in chemistry into five independent factors: cognitive, affective, problem solving, routine manipulative skills, and observational modes. The study explores the relationship between student performance in these areas and their responses to a Cognitive Preference Test in chemistry. (RE)

"Children and Their Primary Schools" was published ten years ago this week. Here Lady Plowden assesses the impact of the Plowden Report's central recommendations. (Editor)

Two years after conception, the Elderhostel program draws acclaim from participants, staff, and observers. The Aristotelian concept of the liberal arts deals with the interplay between subject matter and learner. So great is this interplay that it is difficult to judge whether the hosteler is more liberated or more liberating. (Author)

The effects of overt or covert verbalization and specific or non-specific goals were investigated. Sixty-four undergraduate students solved acquisition problems and subsequently took tests measuring near and far transfer. Results indicate that acquisition can be influenced by teaching methods emphasizing conscious attention to goals. (SLD)

Summarizes research that contrasts the approaches and attitudes of successful and unsuccessful problem solvers. Supplies a categorized list of problem solver characteristics. (RT)

Describes an artificial intelligence system known as SOAR that approximates a theory of human cognition. Discusses cognition as problem solving, working memory, long term memory, autonomy and adaptability, and learning from experience as they relate to artificial intelligence generally and to SOAR specifically. Highlights the status of the…

Offers practical suggestions for a coherent approach to the teaching of grammar in foreign language classrooms. As a context for the ideas offered, the article synthesizes some of the views expressed by recent writers on this subject. The model outlined provides a basis for work designed to focus more on accurate use of language than on…

Proposes causal field theory as a model of causal reasoning. Suggests that anomaly detection through comparison with natural events triggers causal reasoning. This anomaly is interpreted in terms of agency; therefore, natural phenomena can be understood through an appeal to agency. The mechanism proposed never changes with development, whereas…

Describes learning environments, including cognitive flexibility hypertexts, anchored instruction, and computer-supported intentional learning environments. A brief history of educational technology is presented; and problems with open learning environments are discussed, including inappropriate learning theory, deficient metacognitive skills, and…