This invited article comprises three parts that document the history of distance and flexible learning in New Zealand and the professional association DEANZ/FLANZ (Distance Education Association of New Zealand, later known as the Flexible Learning Association of New Zealand), which serves this community. The first part was originally published in…

Can the ancestors speak? For the 2022 annual meeting of the Religious Education Association (REA), themed "Becoming Good Ancestors," an essential question is, "can the ancestors speak?" To answer this question, the presidential address seeks to uncover: who are the REA's ancestors? Where are they speaking? What is the guild's…

Professionalism in the context of public sector professions is a changing concept, which is subject to different interpretations. The sociologist Julia Evetts has developed two models, occupational and organisational professionalism, which are useful conceptual tools which help us to understand from a wider theoretical perspective the changing…

This article analyzes class formation of the Milwaukee Teachers' Education Association (MTEA). In 2011, Wisconsin curtailed public-sector union collective bargaining, causing Wisconsin unions' membership and political power to plummet. This article puts the 2011 collapse into historical perspective, by considering the development of Milwaukee…

As school social work approached its ninetieth anniversary in 1994, a new organization, the School Social Work Association of America (SSWAA), was just forming. The background--why SSWAA was created and how it grew in its first twelve years--involves a small group of individuals dedicated to the future of school social work and an assortment of…

This paper discusses the earliest collegiate academic programs that offered courses in marketing in the United States. These academic programs differed (1) in size based on the number of courses offered and (2) in name. The paper also discusses the founding of the American Marketing Association.

Originally founded in 1861 as the Teachers' Association of Canada West (TACW), the Ontario Educational Association (OEA) was a fixture on the education scene in Ontario for one hundred twenty-five years until its dissolution on November 28, 1985. This article traces the early development and maturation of the OEA to focus on its involvement in…

This paper uses the 1908 "Oxford Report," a founding document for the Workers' Educational Association, as a window onto the internal contradictions of the university adult education movement, an issue that has been neglected by historians of education. Examining the early history of the WEA shows that while the movement was inspired by…

Teacher education in the time of the COVID is unpredictable indeed. Fifty years ago, a major political overhaul of initial teacher education removed control from state education departments and began the transition of ITE to a university discipline. This led to the emergence of the teacher education professional, and the need for an association…

Since the late nineteenth century, teachers have come together to found associations and unions in Europe and beyond. Drawing on oral histories, primary and secondary documents, and media reports, this paper delves into this rich historical background, leading to the founding of Education International in 1993. In particular it explores the…

The role of religion and spirituality within social work education has varied throughout the profession's history, with recent research calling for increased attention to this area of diversity. In response, the Council on Social Work Education hosted and sponsored the 2021 Summit for Critical Conversations on Religion, Faith, and Spirituality in…

Middle level education as a field of study has expanded during the last 30 years to include a growing, international knowledge base. The primary purpose of this review essay is to highlight trends in the extent to which refereed scholarship in the field of middle level education has reflected international content and perspectives during the last…

For over forty years, presidents of the Summer School Association of Queen's University wrote annually to teachers across Canada, encouraging them to attend summer courses for credit toward a bachelor of arts. In the 1920s, presidents' messages associated attendance with societal progress and the professionalization of teaching. In the 1930s, such…

Honors education in America has undergone a process that sociologist Theodore Caplow describes as professionalization. Caplow identifies four stages whereby a developing profession transitions to a professional association: organizing membership, changing the name of occupation from its previous status, developing a code of ethics, and after a…

This historical study chronicles the creation, development, and termination of the Midwestern Conference on School Vocal and Instrumental Music, hosted by the University of Michigan between 1946 and 2005. Beginning as a band music reading session led by William Revelli in 1936, the conference developed into a premier professional workshop by the…