For therapy to have integrity, the therapist needs a theoretical foundation but not to become rigidly defined by that orientation. The insights of chaos theory and postmodernism can be applied to resolve the apparent conflict between theory and practice and to recognize the finite nature of all theories. (LKS)

Before chaos theory, Western society had no "scientific" tools to deal with disorder and unpredictability because science relied on factual evidence. With chaos theory, knowing and believing are now seen as interconnected and both are considered authentic. Counseling should reflect this authenticity with compassion, not control. (LKS)

This article presents the perspective that chaos theory may provide a more flexible, nonlinear, and effective model and basis for the preparation and education of counselors than competing linear-causal models. (Author)

Uses a case study to illustrate how counselors can use chaos and complexity theory in their work, providing an alternative view to assist counselors in conceptualizing their clients and their practice. Using chaos theory in counseling requires a reevaluation of counselors' assumptions about causation, prediction, and control. (LKS)