Since the 1980s, there has been a movement towards using a competency-based approach as a way to measure and evaluate the progress of students and trainees in professional psychology. A core competency that has been defined is individual and cultural diversity, which includes the areas of religious and spiritual diversity. Research has shown that…

The current student achievement gap can be attributed, in part, to the perceived and actual shortage of highly qualified principals prepared to be effective instructional leaders (Kearney, 2010). Most school districts within do not offer consistent targeted professional development programs for mid-career principals that will develop…