This article argues for the need to differentiate between "professional" and "support" careers in fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). Using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY), the article identifies important differences in the nature of the work and responsibility that…

To support instruction, school districts must provide a wide array of assistance to schools. Broadly speaking, districts play the roles of "authority" in holding schools accountable for their activities and performance, "support" in assisting school faculties to build their capacity to better instruct students, and "brokerage" between schools and…

Districts across the country face significant demands to strengthen student learning districtwide, and many are turning to intermediary organizations to help them build their capacity for such demanding, large-scale work. However, how these "learning-support intermediary organizations" assist with these capacity-building efforts is little…