When programs or projects involve a complexity of personnel and activities, it often becomes an administrator's headache to keep the program on course. Some type of program operational guide (often referred to as work plans or management manuals) should be developed to assist program staff with management of the implementation process. An analysis…

Criterion-referenced systems are founded on the belief that instruction should be based on the needs of individual pupils. If pupils' needs are to guide instruction, the system must identify the skills pupils need to learn and the sequence for their introduction. Additionally, there must be a way to identify the skills a pupil needs and those he…