The community development program, initiated in 1952, failed, in the author's opinion, because no sustained attempt was made to involve the people in the development process. Discussed are: program objectives, implementation, administrative structure, an evaluation of 15 program aspects, a community development strategy, and the failure of the…

The author proposes a ten-year national program in India to impart literacy to about 100 million illiterate adults between fifteen and thirty-five years old. Discusses the need for program phasing and planning, the numbers of classes needed, learner motivation, mobilizing resources, and teacher and supervisor selection and training. (EM)

The case histories of water and sanitation schemes described in this volume can best be understood by identifying the moments at which critical hurdles were encountered and surmounted. The first case study, which concerns Bangladesh, discusses promising prospects that existed amid the pollution and the technical and managerial expansion of the…

Since India gained its independence in 1947, three important commissions have examined the issue of educational reform. The first (in 1948) recommended a vocational emphasis in the intermediate (predegree) courses without sacrificing emphasis on preparation for university education. In 1954, the Secondary Education Commission resulted in the…

Part of a report of seminar proceedings, these papers on community development in developing nations deal largely with conditions, requirements, and effective principles of rural extension; the government system of community development village workers in outlying regions of Thailand; the methods, organization, accomplishments, and prospects of…

The Farmers Training and Functional Literacy Programme, initiated by the government of India in 1968, was an effort to translate into practice the concept of linking education (not only vocational training) to development, particularly for increasing production. The project, a joint enterprise of three government ministries, provides participating…

The following papers were produced by participants and resource persons on specific issues of planning, management and implementation of literacy and post-literacy strategies: "People's Participation and Mobilization: Characteristics of the Literacy Campaigns in China" (Yanwei); "Strategies for Mobilization and Participation of…

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ARE ANALYZED IN THIS STUDY TO CLARIFY THEIR DEMOCRATIC PHILOSOPHICAL ORIENTATION, TO IDENTIFY PROGRAMS IN INDIA, EGYPT, IRAN, AFGHANISTAN, THE PHILIPPINES, AND BURMA HAVING POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR PAKISTAN, AND TO SUGGEST SOCIAL SERVICE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES THAT SHOULD BE EXPANDED OR INAUGURATED IN…

The paper presented in this three-part conference report trace the growth and development of distance education in the Asian and Pacific region. Part 1 provides a general review. Part 2 contains the following case studies: "Distance Education in India" (S. P. Mullick); "Distance Education in Indonesia" (Professor Setijadi);…

A STUDY WAS MADE OF THE FEASIBILITY OF CANADIAN ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS IN THE WORLD LITERACY CAMPAIGN. NEEDS FOR SPECIALIZED PERSONNEL, MASS MEDIA SERVICES, LITERATURE BUREAUS AND LIBRARIES, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES, AUDIOVISUAL AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, AND PROVISION FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, WOMEN'S EDUCATION, AND RESEARCH AND…