Long-range planning involves the identification of priority programs and services and the detailing of the necessary resources (staff, equipment, facilities and materials) required to implement these programs and services. This report discusses what is involved in this process and provides a fundamental understanding of the following three basic…

Although some serious limitations in the cost analysis technique do exist, the need for cost data in decision making is so great that every effort should be made to obtain accurate estimates. This paper discusses the several issues which arise when an attempt is made to make quality, trade-off, or scope decisions based on cost data. Three methods…

This annotated bibliography is composed of 70 citations relevant for Program, Planning, Budgeting Systems (PPBS) and ranging in date from 1962 to 1969 but emphasizing the 1965 to 1968 period. Listings are arranged alphabetically according to author under the general divisions: Overview of PPBS, Systems and Administrative Theory, The Planning…

In planning for higher education, budgets should be developed that reflect not merely the status quo but rather provide a realistic picture of what occurs relative to what should occur in current programs. This requires setting up an informational framework to provide a mechanism for generating and evaluating alternate ways to achieve…

In outline form, this document presents basic information on the school district, the reasons the district considered zero-base budgeting (ZBB), the formation and membership of the advisory School Cost Analysis Team, the district's investigation of the ZBB concept, an overview of the ways the district used the ZBB process, the identification of…

After discussing and analyzing three available alternative budgeting approaches, including incremental, program budgeting, and zero-based budgeting, this article suggests the criteria necessary for a newly adapted system and contends that a program budgeting system would serve most effectively. (DS)

Discusses the concept of "fixed-unit price contracting," an arrangement that is becoming popular with private industry councils (PICs). Guidelines include (1) find out as much as you can about the PIC's requirements; (2) figure out whether you can meet the PIC's requirements; and (3) keep in mind that most elements of a fixed-unit price…

The author describes a successful fight to save the Lincoln division of the College of Nursing and the entire College of Pharmacy at the University of Nebraska. (CT)

The author presents his experiences in developing a competency-based program of educational media administration using independent prescriptive study and professor-student conferences as a way to observe tight budgetary restrictions. (MB)

A discussion of how cost-effectiveness analysis provides a conceptual framework for analyzing the cost and effectiveness of educational programs. (Author)

Describes Greenwich, Connecticut's new budgeting system that allows only for those expenitures used to implement one of 47 statements of policy on program goals. (JF)

A discussion of advantages and disadvantages of programming-planning-budgeting systems (PPBS) along with five case studies of school districts' preparation for conversion to PPBS. (NI)

States that, because of budgeting problems, more high schools are having to run their yearbook publication as an extracurricular club and not as a class. Suggests approaches to dealing with this problem, including preplanning for running the yearbook as an extracurricular activity and being a vocal advocate for maintaining yearbook publication as…

Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of six types of budgets commonly used by many different kinds of libraries. The budget types covered are lump-sum; formula; line or line-item; program; performance or function; and zero-based. Accompanying figures demonstrate the differences between four of the budget types. (three references) (KRN)