This publication presents a lengthy study of the intermediate educational unit system in the state of Pennsylvania. Purpose of the study was to describe in a comprehensive manner the programmatic, operational, and fiscal aspects of intermediate units, to examine the significant interactions between intermediate units and other agencies…

The creation of Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) was authorized in 1948 to function temporarily pending the creation of intermediate school districts. BOCES were viewed at their inception as a means to supplement teaching services and to provide a few nonacademic courses to school districts too small to provide their own. In…

This paper describes the historical background of New York State's system of education and then considers developments leading to the present system. The present system involves three levels of educational governance within a 2-level governance system. Activities at each of the three levels--local, intermediate, and State--are described in detail,…

This paper presents a description of the emerging middle echelon unit of school government--the Regional Educational Service Agency (RESA). The document defines RESA's as those offices of school government sandwiched between State and local school district levels and considers the development of the regional educational service agency concept in…