A recognized expert on Planning, Programing, Budgeting Systems presents an overview of this management tool as it relates to the school principal. (Editor)

In this discussion of the systems approach to educational change, the author discusses the programing, planning, budgeting, and evaluation aspects of a system for the management of educational resources. Four common misconceptions about PPBES are considered: (1) that PPBES can make decisions, (2) that costs can be completely quantitifed, (3) that…

Planning-Programing-Budgeting systems (PPBS) provide the means for formulating more precise curricular objectives and coordinating curricular-fiscal planning within education. At the core of PPBS is the program budget that reports programs to be accomplished and allocates expenditures in terms of objectives relating to student achievement rather…

A comprehensive school planning tool is available from General Learning Corporation and the Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration at the University of Oregon. This School Planning, Evaluation and Communication System (SPECS) provides a deliverable system of training, implementation strategies and materials and technical…

The Joint University Libraries (JUL) of Nashville, Tennessee have found that as they become increasingly complex they must make optimum use of their resources. In 1972, JUL initiated a planning effort, called Comprehensive Organizational/Operational Planning (CO/OP), designed to provide information for intelligent management decisions. Policy…