Using mobile devices to facilitate teaching and learning (m-learning) in higher education has continued to gain momentum. To ensure meaningful m-learning, several models and frameworks, including those focused on pedagogies and the learning environment, have been developed. However, the majority of these are derived from the context of high-income countries with advanced educational technologies and may not be suitable in low- and middle-income countries where educational technology systems are not as functional. This paper reports on the four phases of a project, which set out to develop a suitable m-learning framework for low- and middle-income countries. The proposed framework was originally derived from the extant literature, then revised following the outcome of two empirical studies conducted in a Nigerian university using the mixed methods research approach. The revised framework provides a roadmap for the strategic integration of m-learning in higher education, taking into consideration the pedagogical and socioeconomic context of low- and middle-income countries.