A survey investigated the structure of doctoral programs in English education. Upon request, 24 universities (out of 36 approached) sent varying kinds of information regarding their programs, including department or program brochures, university-wide graduate bulletins, and explanatory letters. Results indicated great diversity, allowing only…

A discussion of reforms in Swedish graduate study since 1969 and their results focuses on the design of a standard 4-year program, the career prospects of degree recipients, student financing, the working environment for graduate students, and curriculum relevance. (MSE)