This paper describes Literacy Independence towards Enabling, Responsibility, Attainment, Trust, and Excellence, a program for adult literacy learners that involves a comprehensive approach to development of competency in reading, writing, and oral language. Learners participate in a cooperative-learning experience in which they provide input…

The Multiple Abilities Program (MAP) at the University of Alabama is a five-semester, competency-based preservice program preparing teachers to teach all students regardless of settings or disability labels. This article outlines the program rationale, organizational framework, and the program feature in which undergraduates spend over 50 percent…