Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has not been cost-effective, despite its instructional effectiveness. This financial failure can be attributed to many factors, including: oversell of CAI capabilities, poorly authored content, expensive and unreliable hardware, an educational bureaucracy resistant to innovation, and the decentralized nature of…

Selected presentations from the National Conference on Program Planning and Evaluation held in Washington, D.C., March 12-14, 1969 are reported in this mimeographed publication: (1) "Vocational Education: From a World of Stability to a World of Change," by G. Venn, (2) "Staffing the State Department to Meet the Needs of Vocational…

The workshop was attended by 72 participants representing a variety of health agencies. The disciplines they represented included medicine; nursing, hospital, and public health; psychology; nutrition and dietetics; social work; rehabilitation; occupational, physical, and speech therapy; volunteer and juvenile service work; counseling; training;…

Cost-effectiveness/benefit analysis is an analytical technique for assessing outputs of educational programs in relation to the program objectives and the associated program costs. It combines the two concepts of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis into a comprehensive model. The cost-effectiveness/benefit analysis model has been…

This document describes the characteristics of a comprehensive approach to program development in guidance, counseling, placement, and follow-up programs. A comprehensive approach to program development employs a systematic planning model and related process that is derived from the scientific method aimed at development, implementation,…

This paper describes an effort to implement a cost-effectiveness program using systems analysis in an elementary school district, the Rio Linda Union School District in California. The systems design cycle employed has three phases, policy-making evaluation, and action-implementation. During the first phase, the general philosophy or mission of…

This conference paper discusses the role of the Planning, Programing, and Budgeting System (PPBS) in planning for educational programs. Proper PPBS analysis includes (1) correct problem definition, (2) consideration of alternative solutions, (3) ascertainment of peripheral effects of the alternatives, and (4) estimations of the cost and…

Under the present practices, the objectives and activities of socially oriented projects have rarely been specified with enough clarity and concreteness. Alternatives have been insufficiently presented for consideration by top management. In a number of cases, the future costs of present decisions have not been laid out systematically enough and…

This paper presents the rationale, techniques, and structure used to develop and implement an evaluation-accountability program for a new regional Education Service Center in Texas. Needs assessment, a critical element in this model, consists of objectively identifying the educational needs of clients and establishing an initial list of…

To better plan and evaluate vocational education programs at the state level, a mathematical formula was evolved for allocating resources to local education agencies (LEA's) which would reflect: (1) manpower needs, (2) vocational education needs, (3) relative ability to pay, and (4) excess costs. A "curricular priority matrix" and a…

Two major areas of concern to vocational education are cost benefit and job and task analysis. In recent years vocational education has broadened its outlook in terms of general human development, but the historical context of vocational education and concerns for accountability require evaluation of vocational education programs to consider cost…

The rationale, operational framework, and implementation case study of a planning-evaluation model for a medium size school district are discussed. The system defines a management information function in the three components of planning, operations, and evaluation. The relationship among these components is presented in both diagram and narrative…