The purposes of this article are to assess the present status of planning-programming-budgeting systems in education and to offer operational illustrations to those who wish to install certain aspects of PPBS in their school districts. (Author)

Although the program-planning-budgeting system (PPBS) has been used in higher education to improve planning, budgeting, and decision making, examination had not been conducted to determine if the technique was consistent with planning, budgeting, and decision-making "theory." This paper reports the findings of such a theoretical…

The problem was a study of the development of a business education model for methods and procedures in Planning, Programming, and Budgeting Systems (PPBS). (Author)

Presents a possible process model for education based on a problem solving referent, and suggests some alternatives for identifying and possibly integrating current thrusts toward the systematic and valid improvement of education. (JF)

Project PRIME (Planning Resources in Minnesota Education) was a 1-year research project that had as its prime objective the test implementation of the CAMPUS model for higher education administration and planning in Minnesota. This report outline the 13 specific objectives of the project and describes the research results. In addition, the report:…

The lack of tested models of the instructional process is the prime hindrance to significant management science in educational research. The nature of education, with long timelags between ultimate performance and present activity, makes the modeling most difficult. This paper reports on one of several efforts which have been made to develop…

This document presents a pilot training program which developed, diffused, and evaluated the application of a selected group of research and development (R&D) techniques for planning and initiating change in the public schools. The training model resulted from suggestions of an interdisciplinary development team at the University of Kansas. The…

The first section of this report on program costing with the CAMPUS simulation discusses the structuring process of Program Planning and Budgeting (PPB) systems, and emphasizes the ideas, rules, and principles for structuring resource data that have evolved during the 10 years of PPB existence. It also discusses the WICHE-PMS program…

Cost-effectiveness/benefit analysis is an analytical technique for assessing outputs of educational programs in relation to the program objectives and the associated program costs. It combines the two concepts of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis into a comprehensive model. The cost-effectiveness/benefit analysis model has been…

This report provides a detailed description of an education program cost model designed to accept descriptions of the size and composition of resources used in a particular program and translate them into an estimate of program cost, for convenient comparison of alternatives. The model also translates ("crosswalks") the program budget…

This report, a clear statement of how one district developed a planning system, offers both a theoretical and a practical approach to providing the superintendent, his staff, and the board of education with a comprehensive planning system instrument for making policy decisions and allocating resources. Also provided are guidelines for involving…

This paper argues that the dynamics of a successful college tutorial program should include the following components: well planned objectives, goals, and standards; enough capable staff; an inservice training program; adequate financing and space; efficient paper management procedures; and an effective means of evaluation including the willingness…

Planning methodology should concentrate first on outcomes before emphasizing inputs and processes. In developing a plan for planning for a State community college system, such questions as these must be answered: why plan? who plans? what is to be included in the planning? what is the time frame for planning? Five general processes, each a…

A set of procedures were developed which assist in structuring tasks and objectives in a manner to permit rational decision making. The model uses a jury of experts to rank various objectives and program processes in terms of their importance. Values are generated which relate to costs in the form of a utility-cost ratio. The model was tested in a…

This paper develops the techniques for allocating the quantity of a school's resources to particular programs and classrooms within the school, considering the sharing of resources. The methodology presented determines the cost of an educational program by identifying the resources utilized in a program. All costs are taken into consideration and…