The planning wheel considers the interaction of six components of program planning. Within a macro/micro systems approach, the model incorporates internal and external forces that influence economic development by capturing political, social, cultural, technological, and economic forces. (SK)

Describes graphically a simplified version of PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), an instrument for organizing, planning, and implementing work projects. (KJ)

This paper outlines a systematic approach to long-range planning in colleges and universities. It deals first with the planning process and the seven objectives for planning. These are: (1) determination of the mission and goals of the college or university; (2) translation of the mission and goals into programs; (3) determination of the resources…

Project PRIME (Planning Resources in Minnesota Education) was a 1-year research project that had as its prime objective the test implementation of the CAMPUS model for higher education administration and planning in Minnesota. This report outline the 13 specific objectives of the project and describes the research results. In addition, the report:…

The materials in the document report on the development of a program planning budgeting evaluating system in the Dade County, Florida, public schools. Materials cover the development and design of the system from its inception and implementation in the winter and spring of 1971. The project chronology and the program structure and the management…

Examines the educational planning process. Discusses what planning is, how methodological planning can work in education, misunderstandings about planning, and difficulties in applying the planning methodology. (DN)

A continuation of a two-part article about performance appraisal programs, this part examines program design and implementation. Topics covered include a systems approach, designing forms and establishing procedure, and maintaining the program. (TA)

Stresses the need to plan instructional programs for library users, especially in light of the tendency of working librarians to get caught up in the demands of the day-to-day workload and to forsake careful and systematic design in user education. An instructional design model for user education is discussed. (Author/JL)

Several aspects of unplanned system change in schools are investigated in this paper. Researchers relied heavily on current theoretical perspectives on the nature of educational systems, particularly those that emphasize the "loosely coupled" nature of educational organizations. Two hypotheses were tested. The first is that natural…

Systemic planning is an operational approach to using scientific rigor and qualitative judgment in a complementary manner. It integrates rigorous techniques and methods from systems analysis, cybernetics, decision theory, and work programing. The annotated reference sources in this bibliography include those works that have been most influential…

Developing instruction is a critical part of the education process. For instruction to be effective it should be organized and well planned. Development of an effective program should include careful consideration of the need for instruction, the audience, and the course content. Instruction delivered via telecommunications can be even more…

Reported is one of a series of research and development efforts at the University of Virginia sponsored by the U.S. Office of Environmental Education. These projects are intended to produce approaches, methods, and basic resources needed to improve local capabilities in environmental education program design and implementation. Presented in this…

The most critical activity in the planning-programing-budgeting system is the specification and employment of goals and objectives. Program goals are the desired outcomes of a program, but program objectives are the changes in, or the creation of, program elements in a specified way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of a program. Since…

Planning-Programing-Budgeting systems (PPBS) provide the means for formulating more precise curricular objectives and coordinating curricular-fiscal planning within education. At the core of PPBS is the program budget that reports programs to be accomplished and allocates expenditures in terms of objectives relating to student achievement rather…

This report, a clear statement of how one district developed a planning system, offers both a theoretical and a practical approach to providing the superintendent, his staff, and the board of education with a comprehensive planning system instrument for making policy decisions and allocating resources. Also provided are guidelines for involving…