Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States and the most taught additional language (L2) in elementary-level schools. However, the amount and type of access differs according to the resources available. Rural settings, which comprise a third of all schools in the US, often have fewer resources and support for the development…

Portuguese is the fifth most-spoken language in the world, with about 260 million speakers (and growing to an expected 400 million by 2050), the third most spoken in the West, the most widely spoken in the Southern Hemisphere, an official language in 9 countries and other regions. It is present in Europe, South America, Africa, and parts of Asia.…

Six papers intended for foreign language teachers, administrators, and teachers of English as a second language are in this work. "Illusions and Realities" focuses on the complexities and problems of language teaching and proposes a coordinated program of development, backed by research, to meet current challenges. "Language Centers" discusses the…

A study was conducted to explore the evolution of career education concepts and its application to the bilingual population. The literature search reviewed theory as well as research papers, surveys, other literature searches, program descriptions, and state vocational/career education plans. Agencies which produce literature and other career…