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Douglas F. Manigault III; Curtis Davis – Youth & Society, 2025
Zero tolerance policies in urban schools increased the disparities in urban school discipline for Black youth in comparison to white youth. Restorative interventions continue to be a popular response to deviant student behaviors; however, exploring the impact of restorative interventions in reducing harsh discipline on Black youth should be a…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Discipline Policy, Zero Tolerance Policy, African American Students
Okafor, Daberechi – ProQuest LLC, 2023
The disciplinary disparity between Black and White students is an issue that continues to span preschool educational settings up to secondary school. This study examined the adverse effects of the disproportional rate that Black boys receive expulsions and suspensions compared to White students. This study also analyzed the role of the campus…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Urban Schools, Assistant Principals, Program Effectiveness
Lakria Martin – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Disproportionate rates of behavioral problem reporting and consequences for African American males have occurred for decades. With the consequences surrounding problem behaviors typically removing the student from the classroom, whether to the principal's office or for an in-school or out-of-school suspension, time spent in the classroom for…
Descriptors: Restorative Practices, African American Students, Males, Discipline
Ashley A. Grant; Douglas J. Mac Iver; Vaughan Byrnes; Emily Clark; Robert Balfanz; Richard Lofton – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2025
This study tests the impact of adding Restorative Practices within secondary schools implementing the Diplomas Now turnaround model in 8 large U.S. urban districts on: (a) the severity of disciplinary problems in these schools, (b) the probability that students would be suspended three days or more during the school year, and (c) the chronic…
Descriptors: Restorative Practices, Attendance, Urban Schools, Secondary Schools
Katrina Jackson Bigham – ProQuest LLC, 2024
African American males receive a disproportionate number of referrals that result in punitive and exclusionary consequences. These referrals are often more subjective and include reasons such as disrupting class, disrespect, and refusal to obey. In- and out-of-school suspensions lead to a loss of instructional time for students, as well as a…
Descriptors: African American Students, Males, Punishment, Suspension
Williams, Kimberly N. – ProQuest LLC, 2023
The purpose of this study was to examine the Problem of Practice (POP) to determine if Restorative Practices (RP) can have an impact on the disproportionality of out of school suspensions (OSS) for Black and Multi-Race students at Eastern High School. RP has emerged as a promising intervention to mitigate racially disproportionate practices in…
Descriptors: High School Students, Restorative Practices, Discipline, Discipline Policy

Kara Beckman; Miles Davison; Amy Gower; Barbara J. McMorris – Grantee Submission, 2024
The purpose of this study was to evaluate implementation of a whole school restorative practices model in Saint Paul Public Schools, Minnesota. Their model aims to embed practices to develop equitable relationships, engage students in learning, and respond relationally to behavioral concerns over a three-year period. The evaluation followed three…
Descriptors: Program Implementation, Program Evaluation, Restorative Practices, Public Schools