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Gendron, Brian P.; Williams, Kirk R.; Guerra, Nancy G. – Journal of School Violence, 2011
The current study examined the relations among self-esteem, approving normative beliefs about bullying, school climate, and bullying perpetration using a large, longitudinal sample of children from elementary, middle, and high school. Self-report surveys were collected at two points in time over the course of 1 year from 7,299 ethnically diverse…
Descriptors: Bullying, Least Squares Statistics, Community Centers, Self Esteem
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Petry, Nancy M.; Alessi, Sheila M.; Marx, Jacqueline; Austin, Mark; Tardif, Michelle – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2005
Contingency management (CM) interventions usually use vouchers as reinforcers, but a new technique awards chances of winning prizes. This study compares these approaches. In community treatment centers, 142 cocaine- or heroin-dependent outpatients were randomly assigned to standard treatment (ST), ST with vouchers, or ST with prizes for 12 weeks.…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Contingency Management, Intervention, Patients