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ERIC Number: EJ1476131
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 23
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1389-4986
EISSN: EISSN-1573-6695
Available Date: 2025-02-14
What Do We Know about the Stop Now and Plan Program? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of an Early Invention for Children and Youth with Conduct Problems
Stephanie G. Craig1; Katelyn Frankiewicz1; Natalie R. Stearns1; Julie Girard-Lapointe2; Allana Cortese1; Natasha Vogel1; Debra J. Pepler2
Prevention Science, v26 n4 p644-666 2025
Children who engage in aggressive behaviors are at heightened risk of being involved in the justice system, committing serious offenses, and becoming chronic offenders. The Stop Now And Plan (SNAP) program was designed as an early intervention to address several mechanisms underlying the development of conduct problems, including emotion regulation, prosocial behaviors, and parent-child relationships. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and synthesize current research on the SNAP program and conduct a meta-analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and PyscINFO were searched, and the developers of SNAP were contacted to ensure no articles were missed. Twenty-two peer-reviewed articles were ultimately included following a two-stage screening process. The meta-analysis revealed a moderate effect size change (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.65], p < 0.001) in externalizing problems from pre- to post-SNAP Group. The narrative review found evidence for decreases in symptoms (e.g., conduct problems, aggression, delinquency, internalizing problems) across SNAP programming. There was also preliminary evidence for changes in proposed mechanisms across the groups (e.g., emotion regulation, parent behaviors, child-parent relationship). Two randomized controlled trials (RCT) supported the efficacy of the SNAP Boys Group over another active treatment. One waitlist control found similar results for the SNAP Girls Group. There is growing evidence for SNAP, attributable to the effective clinical research partnerships established by the developers. More rigorous methods and RCTs will help solidify SNAP as a top evidence-based intervention.
Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Information Analyses; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: 1University of Guelph, Department of Psychology, Guelph, Canada; 2York University, Toronto, Canada