The reasons for clinical failures of classroom token economies are divided into three groups: (1) Problems associated with the token program itself, (2) Problems associated with the teacher, and (3) Problems associated with the specific population on which the classroom token economy is used. Each of these problem areas is discussed. (Author)

SEVERAL STUDIES OF LABORATORY TRAINING PROGRAMS IN INDUSTRY ARE ASSESSED IN TERMS OF THEIR POTENTIAL USEFULNESS (DO THEY ACCOMPLISH INTENDED CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS THAT ARE LASTING OR SELF-REINFORCING, AND HOW DO THEY COMPARE WITH OTHER METHODS IN ACCOMPLISHING SIMILAR GOALS) AND ACTUAL CONTRIBUTION (DOES PARTICIPATION LEAD TO LASTING CHANGE IN…

The results of a 3-year project that developed a practical program for the wide-scale implementation of behavior modification in urban schools are presented in this paper. The major outcomes of the project were (a) a practical, cost-effective behavior modification program that reduces discipline problems, increases student motivation, and…

The mathematical description of recidivism is shown to be improved by using a limited or asymptotic growth curve rather than a linear relationship over time. The proposed curve for failure rate may also be applied to other programs for behavioral change. (CTM)

The authors suggest ways to establish quality behavioral programs within a hospital for the mentally ill. They emphasize the importance of staff morale, consistency of effort, teamwork, staff training and reinforcement. Procedures said to be responsible for successful maintenance include a flexible credit economy system. (Author/CL)

Rather than being just the presentation of information, environmental education helps learners achieve environmental literacy, which has attitude and behavior components in addition to a knowledge component. This form of environmental education has its roots in nature study, conservation education, outdoor education, and the U.N. Tbilisi…

Examined how a spouse can help or hinder an individual who wants to stop smoking. An experienced helpfulness score was calculated from the responses of married subjects (N=46) in a smoking cessation program. Successful abstainers had partners who were more reinforcing and less punishing of the subjects' efforts. (JAC)

This article presents a method for disentangling the effects of an intervention from changes that are due to growth and regression to the mean. The method is illustrated in the context of evaluating the effect of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on infant growth. (Author/LC)

Annual controlled outcome results revealed that the program led to significant and consistent reductions in expulsions, suspensions, and grade failure, and variable, often significant, gains in attendance and achievement. (Author)

Health educators need to utilize behavioral criteria to assess the effectiveness of school health education programs. (MM)

Children seen by trained aides showed significantly greater reductions both in acting out problems and in overall maladjustment than did similar children seen by comparable aides who did not have additional training, or by themselves before training. (Author)

A twin signal device that provides both escape and avoidance conditioning in enuresis control was documented with case studies of two enuretic children (eight and nine years old). In addition, a technique of fading as an adjunct to the process was utilized with one subject. (Author/SBH)

A study examined the use of structural analysis as part of an assessment-based intervention of a 4-year-old boy whose noncompliance and aggressive behavior put him at risk for behavioral disorders and expulsion from his childcare center. The intervention was found to reduce immediately the noncompliance and aggressive behavior. (Author/CR)

Describes guard-designed and implemented contingency-management work squad training program for administratively segregated prison inmates with histories of violent and assaultive behavior. Notes that participation in the work squad program sharply reduced frequency of violent and assaultive behavior for 8 of 10 offender-participants whose…

Examined the cardiovascular health profiles of hospital employees participating in an incentive screening program for 4 years. The program involved cardiovascular screenings, results counseling, and encouragement to participate in education and behavioral support programs. Cardiovascular health improvements related to long-term program…