The Texas Education Code (§ 29.051) requires school districts to provide every language minority student with the opportunity to participate in either a bilingual or English as a second language (ESL) program. This evaluation report summarizes the performance of students who participated in the district's Dual Language Bilingual Program. Included…

The purpose of this review is to provide a comparison of reading outcomes of the two most popular bilingual programs in the United States: Transitional Bilingual Education and Two-way Bilingual programs. To provide context, we present a theoretical framework and a brief historical perspective on how these programs came to gain popularity. We…

There has been a huge improvement in the education system in Saudi Arabia quantitatively and qualitatively. Nevertheless, many researchers indicated that high school graduates are not ready for higher education. Especially when considering mathematical compensations, high-demanded skills for tertiary academic programs, Saudi students have been…

The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to describe the impact the SLS courses had on the retention and success rates of students who were taking developmental English courses at FSCJ-Kent Campus, (b) to explain how students taking developmental English felt the SLS courses impacted them, and (c) to find out what elements of the SLS program…

In 2009, Austin Independent School District (AISD) offered an English learner summer bilingual program, serving 1,645 rising kindergarten students and 1,712 rising 1st-grade students at 10 campuses to prevent the loss of academic skills between school years. This report summarizes the program's student enrollment, attendance, and academic…

This paper reports the fifth-year results of a study comparing the English and Spanish language and reading performance of Spanish-dominant children randomly assigned beginning in kindergarten to Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) or Structured English Immersion (SEI). This is the first randomized study to compare TBE and SEI reading…

Based on a review of twenty-eight studies, this report examines the success of transitional bilingual education proqrams in leading to better performance in English and in nonlanguage subject areas. The following conclusions are offered: (1) Schools can improve the achievement level of language minority children through proper programs. (2) There…

A pilot bilingual project was set up for children of Italian immigrants. Before entering first grade, the children attend junior and senior kindergarten classes with children of similar linguistic and cultural background. The classes are designed to make the children's adjustment to school more comfortable and to facilitate parent involvement.…

Results of a pilot follow-up study conducted on Spanish dominant students in transition from bilingual programs to English only instructional settings was reported. The sample group was predominantly Mexican American and native Mexican students. Three types of data were collected: individual scores on Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS),…

In 1990-91, the Austin Independent School District in Texas was awarded a 3-year Title VII grant to serve a population of "newcomers" (defined as students who had been in the United States for 1 year or less). The Newcomers Program was developed to serve the special needs of those students and to improve their English language…

Project CASS (Career Awareness/Survival Skills) in its first year of a two-year funding cycle provided English as a second language (ESL) and native language instruction, as well as bilingual instruction in mathematics, science, history and economics, to 250 low income, Spanish speaking students at South Bronx High School. The program's primary…

A three-year, federally-funded program to train bilingual adult literacy and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teachers to serve immigrants and refugees in the Boston (Massachusetts) area is reported and evaluated. A significant feature of the project was that it trained non-native-English-speaking community members to teach literacy skills and…

New Directions for Bilingualism, at Morris High School (Bronx, New York) completed the first year of a three year cycle in June 1983. The program, which served 300 newly-arrived, foreign-born, low income students, had as its major goals the improvement of participants' English language proficiency, development of their native language (Spanish)…

This report evaluates a program, in its first year of funding, which provides instruction in English as a second language, native language arts for Haitian and Spanish-speaking students, bilingual classes in mathematics, science, social studies, and typing in Creole/French in a high school in Brooklyn, New York. The program's major goal is to…

Project Superemos, in its final year of a two-year funding cycle, provided instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL) and native language skills, as well as bilingual instruction in mathematics, science, and social studies, to approximately 125 Spanish speaking students of limited English proficiency (LEP) in grades 9 and 10. The project's…