Interventions often require multiple decisions to improve outcomes for every student. Whether the decision to implement a practice, tailor an existing protocol, or change approaches, these decisions should be based on individual variables and outcomes via a sequence of treatment. To develop adaptive interventions that have sufficient evidence to…

This paper illustrates the positivistic nature of person-centered planning (PCP) that is evident in the planning methods employed, the way that individuals with disabilities are described, and in portrayal of the outcomes of PCP. However, a confluence of factors can lead to manifestation of excessive positivism that does not serve PCP…

Designed to assist local education agencies (LEAs) in conducting annual program reviews, the handbook focuses on evaluating Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for handicapped children. An annual review meeting guide discusses purposes and procedures of the review. The second section provides a background on the planning-evaluation process,…

This report takes a broad, analytical look at three systems that emphasize individualized instruction: Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs (PLAN), Individually Guided Education (IGE), and Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI). In this assessment the following areas are examined: (a) the principles that characterize the system, (b)…

This report summarizes and compares results of three conference seminars on Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) held in 1967, 1968, and 1969 for administrators and teachers. Basic seminar objectives were to give participants an opportunity to exchange ideas about IPI, to provide them with information concerning future developments of IPI,…

This article identifies content and process components for developing and evaluating schoolwide programs as well as programs for individual secondary students with mild disabilities. Program comprehensiveness and flexibility are stressed. Content components include social/oral communication, basic literacy, life skills, and others; process…

Individual plans for people with intellectual disabilities were evaluated for quality and effectiveness in improving quality of life. Quality was assessed by rating whether goals were relevant, observable, age appropriate, necessary, timetabled, developmental, measurable, realistic, assigned to staff and improving at least one of O'Brien's five…

The paper discusses a procedure for writing, monitoring, and evaluating Individual Education Plans (IEPs), as mandated by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, utilizing computer technology. Concerns related to the values and philosophy of decision-makers as they work with data derived from computer systems to formulate IEPs are also…

The instructor-free, empirically-based training package is designed to teach personnel at all levels to develop and implement individual program plans for severely handicapped, developmentally disabled persons in their own agencies. The package consists of a six-chapter trainee workbook (individual program planning and the interdisciplinary team,…

A brief discussion of the importance of management by objectives in business is followed by a do-it-yourself model incorporating the principles of P.I.E.--Planning, Intervention, Evaluation--and a list of key points to be covered in the early part of the program between the Teacher-Manager and the Student-Manager. (CMV)

Alternative educational programs were offered in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania school district to help students whose needs were not being met through the regular programs. Of 29 alternative programs evaluated, 27 were fully implemented, one was partially implemented, and one was not implemented. The programs included: (1) disruptive behavior or…

This monograph describes in detail how a Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), or Keller Plan, approach was implemented in a large statistics course at Massey University, New Zealand. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of the scheme are explored and possible extensions noted. Major areas covered are subject area (statistics), logistics,…

Two-hundred and sixty-five individual education plans (IEPs) from 13 California school districts representing programs operating under traditional special education funding were evaluated to determine their comprehensiveness, specificity, clarity, and extent to which a "least restrictive environment" was provided. Through interviews with…

The development and implementation of individualized education programs as required by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) is the subject of this program guide, and the following questions are addressed: (1) What are the programs? (2) For whom must they be developed? (3) When do they become effective? (4) Who is…

Many programs designed to improve youth career planning and development processes face several limitations. To improve such methods such rationale are necessary: (1) make explicit the assumptions underlying these programs; (2) describe the planning methods and criteria for deriving youth goals and performances objectives; (3) specify desired youth…