Discusses the historical development of "hard" and "soft" systems thinking traditions and examines how these traditions have been understood and applied in the field of instructional development. Proposes the need for a synthesis of the two traditions in planning, implementing, and evaluating instructional programs. (AEF)

The Instructional Systems Design model is presented. Phases of the model are explained. They are: (1) analysis (organizational, learner, and job needs, and evaluation); (2) design (objectives, specifications, strategies, evaluation); (3) development (evaluation, tests, media, materials); and (4) implementation (instructor characteristics, training…

To ascertain the degree of utilization of bilingual programs and the concerns and questions teachers may have about their implementation, the Division of Bilingual and International Education of the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory conducted a study which had four objectives relating to implementation of bilingual education programs in…

The Albuquerque (New Mexico) Public Schools conducted a three-year study of integrated computer-based learning systems, including WICAT, Dolphin, PLATO, CCC, and DEGEM. Through cooperation with the Education Consolidation Improvement Act Chapter 1 program, four large integrated learning systems (ILS) were purchased and studied. They were installed…

The task of designing instruction encompasses three major activities: preparing instruction, instructing, and evaluating instruction. The major activities comprising instructional design are most effectively accommodated when (1) a systems-based format is employed and (2) they are addressed at the three levels of instructional design: the program…

A guide to the implementation of the Entry Level Skills Program (ELSP) and a conceptual framework for evaluation research is presented. Attention is directed to strategies for the attainment of goals and management of the ELSP project, which is a developmental program for freshmen students who have not acquired the full range or level of cognitive…

This study examined a state-of-the-art computer-based integrated learning system to determine its conformance to research findings on effective learning practices; to describe its implementation in an elementary school setting; and to assess changes in students' achievement in either mathematics or reading. Pretest/posttest data were supplemented…

The Instructional Systems Development (ISD) approach for the accomplishment of vocational training programs provides a methodology for gathering and analyzing job information, for developing instructional materials and media, for conducting instruction, and for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of training programs. Included in the ISD…

A group of instructional planners from the United States was invited to help establish a vocational skills development project to help meet the need for adequately trained workers in Ecuador's small- and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial, service, commercial and agricultural sectors of the economy. A logicodialetical model called the CLER…