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McDonnell, Lorraine M.; Weatherford, M. Stephen – American Journal of Education, 2013
Despite calls for research-based policies, other types of evidence also influence education policy, including personal experience, professional expertise, and normative values. This article focuses on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative, examining how research use varied over stages of the process and how it was integrated with other…
Descriptors: State Standards, Evidence, Educational Policy, Research Utilization
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Nash, Ruth C.; Richardson, Yvette M.; Hodge, Patricia H.; Connell, Peggy H.; Green, Zebbra P. – Alabama Journal of Educational Leadership, 2014
Based on current research, many students in the middle grades (6-8) have not performed at their highest academic levels. In 2011, more than one-half of eighth graders in 16 Southern states scored basic or below basic on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Alternatively, effective principal-leaders strategically demonstrated…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Middle School Teachers, Instructional Leadership, Educational Practices