This study analyzed general education teachers' knowledge of a multi-tier system of support (MTSS), as well as their understanding and implementation of effective practices within tier 1. It further studied their current application of tier 1 interventions at Garden State School District. As the framework of a multi-tier system of support became…

This research study explored the perceived influence of the pre-referral process on elementary general education teachers' collective efficacy. At the time of this study, literature on the pre-referral process had shown that teachers were more likely to implement processes that they believed to be fair and appropriate for students (Curtis et al.,…

This paper addresses two approaches to serving students at risk for or with emotional and/or behavioral disorders in general education settings: (1) use of individual behavior plans (IBPs), and (2) use of the combined classroom model. The process of developing an IBP is detailed, including when an IBP is developed, by whom it is developed, and the…