Interviews with 50 female managers in Europe found that few were included in organizational support networks, which harmed their career advancement. Some were involved in informal female networks but these were not well integrated into organizations, limiting their usefulness for career development. (SK)

A study of 12 male and 12 female accountants under age 30 in Ireland indicated that young women encountered gender-based obstacles in an industry still dominated by males. They had fewer opportunities for informal networking, and more women than men believed children would affect their career progress. (Contains 41 references.) (SK)

Interviews with 40 female managers in Europe suggest that mentoring may be even more important to the career success of female international managers than to female managers working in their home countries. However, there is a smaller supply of mentors available to women, and women are less likely than men to seek mentors. (SK)