Research in cognitive load theory is increasingly recognizing the importance of motivational influences on students' (willingness to invest) mental effort, in particular in the context of self-regulated learning. Consequently, next to addressing effects of instructional conditions and contexts on groups of learners, there is a need to start…

Antiracism education can be a transformative experience for White college students. However, the process of learning can engender strong reactions (e.g., defensiveness) that disrupts participation. Though some White students are more successful in moving closer toward an antiracist position, little is known about this group. This gap in knowledge…

Longitudinal survey and experimental research is essential for understanding psychological and economic processes, but attrition is a concern. We examine attrition in a 2016 longitudinal randomized controlled trial of more than 13,000 prospective U.S. homeowners, in which participants were invited to up to seven online surveys delivered every two…

Numbers of women in the physical sciences, mathematics, and engineering are growing, yet women are still far outnumbered by men at upper levels of those fields. The purpose of the study is to review the literature on academic women who develop exceptional talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Data sources included 18…

We discuss recent developments in the literature on the role of conscientiousness on healthy aging within an economic framework that helps to systematize and interpret the existing evidence.

While honors programs and colleges often proclaim the importance of recruiting and retaining a diverse group of high-ability students, many are still exclusionary and predicated on assumptions about the student body that are no longer valid. The structure and programming of honors can thus prohibit the full participation of nontraditional students…

Traditional methods of estimating demand for recreation areas involve making inferences about individuals' preferences. Frequently, the assumption is made that recreationists' cost of traveling to a site is a reliable measure of the value they place on that resource and the recreation opportunities it provides. This assumption may ignore other…

Young people on the autistic spectrum (AS) may be at an increased risk of developing mental health difficulties, but to date research evidence has been equivocal and/or inadequate. The aim of the current study was to document the mental health profiles of adolescents on the AS, and to identify factors that contribute to difficulties in this area.…

This chapter seeks to set out what Economists have learned about the effects of early childhood influences on later life outcomes, and about ameliorating the effects of negative influences. We begin with a brief overview of the theory which illustrates that evidence of a causal relationship between a shock in early childhood and a future outcome…

Our main objective in this paper is to evaluate the possible association between interpersonal mistrust and unhappiness among Japanese people. Based on cross-sectional data for the Japanese general population from the Asia Barometer Survey (2003-2006), we analyzed the relationship between interpersonal mistrust and unhappiness using a logistic…

Supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Fellowship 5-F1-MH-28,537 and by research grant HD-947 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

A bibliography on personality traits of athletes. (PB)

The author provides an overview of the people accepted into the National Program for Educational Leadership (NPEL). The candidates were examined through essays, references, interviews, and a battery of psychological inventories that examined intelligence, interests, and values. The characteristics of program Fellows are discussed, along with each…

Six popular misconceptions about adoption are presented along with research evidence refuting each of them. (Author/RH)

By monitoring skin conductance and heart rate of 19 psychopathic, 21 neurotic, and 26 normal juvenile delinquents, it was concluded that the psychopathic autonomic characteristics resides in lower initial reactivity and not in more rapid adaptation, at least in response to a simple auditory stimulus. (Author/KJ)