Research has suggested there is an important distinction between perceiving a calling and living a calling. With a sample of 542 working adults, the current study examined (a) the degree to which perceiving a calling and living a calling differed according to yearly income and level of educational attainment and (b) potential mediators that may…

The fulfillment of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as postulated within self-determination theory was hypothesized to play an energizing role in identity formation, conceptualized as multiple dimensions of exploration and commitment. Two studies among high school and college students (N = 714) were conducted…

E. S. Shneidman (1993) has proposed that psychache (i.e., unbearable psychological pain) is directly associated with suicide and mediates the effects of all other relevant psychological factors. The present research tested this proposition by examining whether psychache mediates the relationship between perfectionism and suicidality. Furthermore,…

This study examined the effects of a weekend marathon on the level of self-actualization of college students and the relationship between ego strength and extent of change in self-actualization. The group experience did increase self-actualization, but participants' initial level of ego strength was unrelated to changes in self-actualization.…

Examined the effects of a weekend communication skills training program for divorced persons. Subjects in the experimental group (N=13) received interpersonal skills training, while the control group (N=14) received no training. Results indicated experimentals significantly increased their perceived level of social support, self-disclosure and…

Examines the relation of gender role conflict to certain aspects of gay men's psychological experience. Gay men with less gender role conflict had a more positive view of seeking psychological help and reported fewer symptoms of anger, anxiety, and depression. (Author/JDM)

The results showed that in spite of violently different feelings about (or descriptions of) the roles, the subjects were equally influenced by them. This suggests that social attractiveness may not be important when the client's problems require expert opinion and knowledge. (Author/CG(

Proposes a needs-based taxonomy of leisure activities. Study participants (n=3,771) indicated the extent to which leisure activities met different psychological needs. Results support theories that leisure experiences affect individuals' physical and mental health. Provides a taxonomy of 12 leisure activity clusters so as to allow greater…

The Stern indexes, used to assess the relationship between press and need as related to academic success among minority students, served as the criterion to test the hypothesis that a significant relationship exists between psychological needs and environmental presses. Results of the study suggest a confirmation of this hypothesis. (Author)

The relationship of moderately elevated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Scales 2 and 7 to psychological help seeking, problem type, and academic progress was investigated. Results suggest the MMPI 2-7 elevation is a simple indicator of psychologocal distress in the setting studied. (Author/BEF)

Evaluated college counseling center usage for students encouraged to return for feedback on freshmen tests. Students who initially approached the center to request feedback on tests were more likely to obtain counseling for nontest-related problems than students who never requested test results. More men requested feedback prior to requesting…

This study compared the scores obtained on the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire, the Strong Vocational Interest Blanks for Men and Women, and the General Aptitude Test Battery by groups of relatively effective and relatively ineffective counselor trainees (N=74). Data revealed significant differences in the needs, interests, and abilities of the…

Client change in therapy is a result of the psychological impact of counselor's remarks on the client. Impelling forces arise from the power-dependence relationship between the counselor and client. Restraining forces are resistance and opposition. Sources and characteristics of power, resistance, and opposition are presented. (Author/LA)

This study examined basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e., the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as a mediator between adult attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and distress (i.e., shame, depression, and loneliness). A total of 299 undergraduates from a Midwestern university participated. Results from structural equation…

As expected, the general academic area appears to be the most consistent problem area for students. Use of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales appears promising for identifying students who are currently having difficulty or are likely to have difficulty in the future with psychological adjustment. (Author)