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Hammer, Christian M.; Scholz, Michael; Bischofsberger, Larissa; Hammer, Alexander; Kleinsasser, Benedikt; Paulsen, Friedrich; Burger, Pascal H. M. – Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 2022
Test anxiety of 625 medical students was assessed at semester start and two days prior to two oral exams with the PAF questionnaire [Prüfungsangstfragebogen]. Global and subscale scores for the categories "emotionality," "worry," "interference," and "lack of confidence" were obtained at three time points.…
Descriptors: Hypnosis, Medical Students, Test Anxiety, Foreign Countries
Lambert, Dorinda J. – 1983
Basic intervention strategies for dealing with client resistance include psychoanalytic, learning/behavioral, and hypnotic/paradoxical. Psychoanalytic theory views resistance as a way to avoid the anxiety aroused by increasing awareness of unconscious materials and vulnerable areas in the person's life. Resistance is dealt with after it has…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Change Strategies, Counseling Techniques