A 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was utilized to investigate the effects of race of expressor (black and white), sex of expressor, race of perceiver and sex of perceiver on perception of emotion (POE). Perception of seven emotions (anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, pain, and sadness) was analyzed in terms of three dependent variables: (1)…

Investigates three hypotheses derived from previous research, that different ordinal position groups manifest differential personal preference patterns, as measured by the Kuder Preference Record. (Author)

The scale reliability distinguished persons who had experienced psychotherapeutic help from those without such professional contact. Factor analyses were conducted on three independent samples and revealed four dimensions of the attitude: recognition of need for psychological help, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, and confidence in mental…

The results of this study on sex differences in responses to psychosexual stimualtion showed that the activation of sexual behavior for both men and women was approximately of the same strength. (Author/KJ)

Psychoanalytic theory predicts that humor preference is a derivative of unresolved childhood conflicts. Analyzed students' (N=104) Rorschach protocols to yield measures of preoedipal fixation. Students ranked jokes from most to least funny. Results showed that the ranking of jokes was a function of the fixation measures for women only. (Author/RC)

Finds strong correlations between sex and four subscales of the "Denver Community Health Questionnaire" in 44 outpatients at a Texas mental health complex. Shows that the women are less productive and evidence more psychological distress, while men have more legal difficulties and are more likely to use soft drugs. (RL)

Two studies tested for gender differences in rates of depression among undergraduates using three conceptualizations of depression. Results provide no evidence of gender differences in rates of depressed mood in either sample. However, in both samples, gender differences in rates of depressive disorder were found, with male students more likely…

Examined the effects of social support on the psychological well-being of rural elders. Surveys of 180 older adults living in northern Appalachia indicated that respondents had high levels of subjective well-being. There were no mean gender differences in perceptions of support, though the relative importance of various sources of supported…

Supports research indicating that disclaimers have no effect on perceptions of source credibility. Reveals that frequency of disclaimer use was unrelated to subject-juror evaluations of witness credibility and testimony believability; females did not use more disclaimers than males during examination; and when females used disclaimers, they were…

Administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to parents (N=342) of children seen for psychiatric services at the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute during the 1970s. Results suggested a parent population in which mothers were suffering considerably more psychological distress or psychopathology than fathers during the 1975-79…

The Gough Femininity Scale was administered to undergraduates at an urban community college over an 11-year period. Means for male and female students remained relatively the same, which may suggest that although sexual behaviors have changed, psychological attitudes and traits have not. (CJM)

This study points to the importance of sexual similarity when making empathic judgments as well as the need to consider the sex of the object as well as the sex of the judge when judging empathy. (Author)

The conflicting direction of anxiety changes in students new to their particular school building makes it difficult to attribute the change to something inherent within a school system's organization of grades. (Authors)

Uses three national surveys to document a decline in the relationship between sex and distress. Demonstrates that increased labor force participation by women is partially responsible. Finds no relationship between the decline of psychophysiological symptoms and changes in educational attainment, rates of marriage, marriage dissolution, or…

This study examined the relationship between level of ego development and parents' self reports of the subjective experience of parenthood. Subjects were 30 mother/father pairs of middle class parents, 10 from each of three phases of the family: families whose oldest children were attending preschool or middle school, or had graduated from high…