Humans are characterized by an especially highly developed ability to use instructions to prepare toward upcoming events; yet, it is unclear just how powerful instructions can be. Although prior work provides evidence that instructions can be sufficiently powerful to proactively program working memory to execute stimulus-response (S-R)…

Inhibition of return (IOR) is modulated by task set and appears later in discrimination tasks than in detection tasks. Several hypotheses have been suggested to account for this difference. We tested three of these hypotheses in two experiments by examining the influence of cue and target level of processing on the onset of IOR. In the first…

Taxometric analyses have proven helpful for distinguishing categorical and dimensional data. Many taxometric procedures require at least 3 variables for analysis. What if a construct is defined by only 2 conceptually nonredundant characteristics or a data set contains only 2 empirically nonredundant variables? In Study 1, we performed extensive…

Six experiments examined whether novelty versus familiarity influences global versus local processing styles. Novelty and familiarity were manipulated by either framing a task as new versus familiar or by asking participants to reflect upon novel versus familiar events prior to the task (i.e., procedural priming). In Experiments 1-3, global…

The Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale was administered to 103 children from seven kibbutzim under frequent shelling and 90 children from seven kibbutzim that were never under fire. Contrary to the hypotheses that the children from the bombarded kibbutzim would have a higher level of anxiety than those from the nonbombarded ones, no significant…

The study addressed three goals: (1) to operationalise the theoretical construct of children's appraisal of teacher as a secure base, (2) to examine the association between children's global attachment orientations towards others and their appraisal of teacher as a secure base, and (3) to investigate the contribution of this appraisal to…

Examines the effect of one social milieu factor (Israeli kibbutz vs. urban lifestyle) on adolescents' future orientation. Analysis of questionnaires from 114 kibbutz and 112 urban adolescents shows that kibbutz adolescents express fewer hopes for the future. (SKC)

Studied beliefs about infant capacities of 160 pairs of Israeli parents and of 129 nonparent adolescents and young adults of both sexes. Parents with higher education and Western origin gave earlier age estimates for infant capacities, and mothers' estimates were younger than fathers'. Nonparents exhibited similar patterns. (SKC)

Noting that one would expect that members of cultural groups whose modes of child rearing foster individual autonomy would achieve more articulated perceptual functioning rather than persons reared in societies where conformity and emotional dependence are stressed, this article discusses a study which compared two Israeli sub-groups and two…

Reviews the history of the kibbutz movement, kibbutz child-rearing practices, and the results of research in kibbutz socialization. The research indicates that the 'kibbutz personality' is essentially nonpathological and effective. Recent changes in child-rearing patterns in the kibbutz, and a return to traditional family child-rearing, are viewed…

Explores relations between political orientation and cognitive style among Israeli university students. Finds that intolerance of ambiguity contributed significantly to political orientation and that the political Left showed more complex cognitive styles than the Right. Notes implications for testing competing hypotheses about cognitive style and…

"32 English readers and 32 Hebrew readers were shown stimuli with directional characteristics (English and Hebrew letters) and stimuli with no directional characteristics (arrays of different circles, bars, colors, and geometric figures) for scanning. The results showed that, while directional stimulus characteristics affected the direction…

Research examined three independent variables: type of reinforcement given to examinee, sex of examinee, and sex of reinforcer. (Author/MB)

Describes a study of second, third, and fourth grade children in Israel to determine if computer assisted instruction is utilized differently by different groups of students (younger and older), and extent to which effort expenditure (total amount of time a child is engaged at the computer) is related to achievement. (MBR)

Considered human relations training in Israel from the perspective of a visitor, who claimed that the field is almost unknown, and from the perspective of a Sabra, who maintained that Israel has a substantial number of individuals working in human relations training. The journal is available from University Associates, Publishers and Consultants,…