The director of the National Institute on Handicapped Research highlights contributions of psychologists to disability research, describes the federal role in this area, and suggests directions for future development. (Author/CMG)

Describes ways of operationalizing clinically significant change, defined as extent to which therapy moves someone outside range of dysfunctional population or within range of functional population. Uses examples to show how clients can be categorized on basis of this definition. Proposes reliable change index (RC) to determine whether magnitude…

This article discusses the promise and problems associated with integrating research on child temperament and research on childhood psychopathology. Unfortunately, these 2 extensive and influential areas of psychological research with children have largely been conducted independently of each other. This article provides a summary of the…

Despite growing numbers of psychologists and of research reports presented at APA conventions and in core psychology journals, relatively few changes have occurred in the type of information presented. The stability of these media relates to quality control and the discouragement of rapid change in the discipline. (Author/GC)

Studies of stereo vision guide research on how animals see and how computers might accomplish this human activity. Discusses a sequence of algorithms to first extract information from visual images and then to calculate the depths of objects in the three-dimensional world, concentrating on stereopsis (stereo vision). (JN)

Reviews selected research on personal and family stress and outlines some of the most effective strategies for stress management. Topics include effective management strategies for individuals, families under stress, stress pile-ups, conflicting role expectations, and effective coping strategies for families. (CT)

Gives history of Adlerian psychology, describing it as an often neglected yet significant precursor to many psychologies of the 1980s. Reviews Adlerian principles and their relationship to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, 1987. Describes different therapeutic techniques and present practices.…

Scientific realism holds that scientific theories are approximations of universal truths about reality, whereas scientific instrumentalism posits that scientific theories are intellectual structures that provide adequate predictions of what is observed and useful frameworks for answering questions and solving problems in a given domain. These…

Reports and critiques the Rust workshop conducted in 1985 in Vienna, Austria. Provides an analysis of the challenges to the person-centered approach as applied to international tension reduction. Concludes with issues for further exploration and a declaration for an ongoing program in person-centered approaches in international relations. (BR)

Presents findings of research on human violence that encompasses the following topics: (1) types of aggressive behavior; (2) modern warfare; and (3) individuals' warlike attitudes. Explores the research on patriotism and nationalism. Discusses the implications of this research and policy suggestions. (JS)

Reports on a fall 1986 journey of Carl Rogers to the U.S.S.R. during which Rogers conducted lectures and workshops on humanistic psychology. Elaborates on workshop sessions with Russian psychologists and therapists. Concludes with general observations about what the workshops may have accomplished and on the Soviet lifestyle in general. (BR)

Despite passage of laws regarding sex equity in education, full equity has yet to be attained. Psychologists have identified educational inequities and have provided educators with research-based programs, practices, and policies. But more research is needed to guide cost-effective policy formation and to identify the subtler forms of inequity.…

Reviews findings of two longitudinal studies on development of aggression. Observes that the process by which children learn violence from television is circular: i.e., aggressive children are unpopular and consequently spend less time with peers and more time watching television, which in turn, assures them that aggressive behavior is…

Reviews psychological evidence regarding minors' competence to consent to abortion. Covers the following topics: (1) the source and nature of advice regarding the abortion decision; (2) conformity to peer and parent advice; (3) the developmental tasks of adolescence; and (4) reasoning skills. (Author/LHW)

The project described was conducted to study how young children proceed to the acquisition of mastery in making films, how teaching technique is related to these forms of mastery, and what perceptual, cognitive, and affective changes occur in children as a result of these experiences. The development of a methodology for the study and problems…