The (Random Intercept) Cross-Lagged Panel Model ((RI-)CLPM) is increasingly used in psychology and related fields to assess the longitudinal relationship of two or more variables on each other. Researchers are interested in the question which of the lagged effects is causally dominant receives considerable attention. However, currently used…

Considerations related to generalization of a study's findings are often interconnected to researchers' judgements regarding the 'quality' of the methodology and methodological pluralism. Too often, researchers consider generalization as only possible with respect to quantitative studies with large numbers of randomly selected participants…

Bayesian methods offer many advantages when applied to psychological research, yet they may seem esoteric to researchers who are accustomed to traditional methods. This paper aims to lower the barrier of entry for developmental psychologists who are interested in using Bayesian methods. We provide worked examples of how to analyze common study…

The second version of Kaiser's Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA[subscript 2]) has been widely applied to assess the factorability of data in psychological research. The MSA[subscript 2] is developed in the population and little is known about its behavior in finite samples. If estimated MSA[subscript 2]s are biased due to sampling errors,…

Psychologists are emphasizing the importance of predictive conclusions. Machine learning methods, such as supervised neural networks, have been used in psychological studies as they naturally fit prediction tasks. However, we are concerned about whether neural networks fitted with random datasets (i.e., datasets where there is no relationship…

Background: Limited research exists on the prevalence of undergraduate research participant pools (URPs) in psychology departments or guidelines surrounding their use. Objective: The aim of the current study was to replicate older studies on the prevalence of URPs in the United States and the procedures and guidelines related to those…

Objective: The long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' mental health remains unknown. The current study explored self-reported Obsessive-Compulsive symptomatology among college student cohorts from pre-, peak-, and later-pandemic time points. Participants: Undergraduate college students (N = 524) who volunteered for…

Regression factor score predictors have the maximum factor score determinacy, that is, the maximum correlation with the corresponding factor, but they do not have the same inter-correlations as the factors. As it might be useful to compute factor score predictors that have the same inter-correlations as the factors, correlation-preserving factor…

In psychology, researchers are often interested in testing hypotheses about mediation, such as testing the presence of a mediation effect of a treatment (e.g., intervention assignment) on an outcome via a mediator. An increasingly popular approach to testing hypotheses is the Bayesian testing approach with Bayes factors (BFs). Despite the growing…

Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) are often used in psychological research when developing measurement models for psychological constructs. Evaluating CFA model fit can be quite challenging, as tests for exact model fit may focus on negligible deviances, while fit indices cannot be interpreted absolutely without specifying thresholds or cutoffs.…

Contradictions and competing demands are common in everyday problems. To address these problems, individuals need to both recognize and integrate these contradictions during problem-solving to find creative solutions. We propose that recognition and integration take place in the problem construction phase of the creative problem-solving process.…

Background: The American Psychological Association has identified information literacy as a crucial component to undergraduate education. One major barrier to comprehensive information literacy instruction has been a lack of guidance integrating this into survey courses, particularly with reduced pedagogical resources available. Objective: This…

Psychological literacy is an approach to teaching which encourages students to consider their subject knowledge in 'real world' applied contexts (i.e. in student's lives beyond university), which may be professional, personal, or societal. 'Real world' here refers to the application of psychological knowledge and skills to students' personal,…

Solution-focused (SF) approaches are widely used in schools. The present study examined the effects of a central SF technique--"scaling"--on female secondary students' improvement expectancy (IE) and commitment to improvement (CTI). Popular follow-up questions were also tested. In Experiment 1, 120 students were randomly assigned to a…

Several AI-aided screening tools have emerged to tackle the ever-expanding body of literature. These tools employ active learning, where algorithms sort abstracts based on human feedback. However, researchers using these tools face a crucial dilemma: When should they stop screening without knowing the proportion of relevant studies? Although…