Research in psychology and education tend to use large-N group designs that necessitate reporting of mean measures analyzed mostly with null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), but sometimes with Bayesian, or the estimation approaches in inferential statistics. These approaches all render the average person or student as the the putative…

In this paper, problems with the philosophy and research relating to various interpretations of 'closing the gap' are used to open up a discussion of, and illustrate, the process whereby a narrow interpretation of 'science' and neglect of systems thinking result in the generation of huge amounts of dangerous and misleading misinformation and…

The purpose of this paper is to justify and reflect upon the way in which video technologies were employed in data generation for a study of student agency in a science classroom using discursive psychology. The research was designed with the purpose of providing new understanding of how students develop a sense of themselves as responsible agents…

Factor analysis is a statistical method of reducing a set number of variables by finding similarities between them. This paper reviews the potential of factor analysis, focusing on exploratory factor analysis, in research on psychotherapy. Within the field of psychotherapy, the use of factor analysis can be classified into three groups. The first…

Scientific psychology did not begin with Fechner and Wundt in the 19th century; its roots actually stretch back to 18th century Germany. The only detailed account of this period was published by Max Dessoir more than 80 years ago. Dessoir identified some of the crucial figures in early psychology, including Wolff, Bonnet, Kruger, Hissman, and…

This paper discusses the existence of theoretical distributions subsumed within mathematical reality and it highlights several meaningful implications for psychological researchers to consider in the application of statistical procedures. It begins with a brief overview of the misinterpretation of statistical testing, followed by a discussion of…

This paper reviews the basics of the elusive but important concept of the interaction effect. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) interaction effect is defined both conceptually and mathematically. Common errors in interpreting interaction effects are discussed, and appropriate strategies for achieving post hoc understandings of the origin of…

The need for humanistically-oriented research may be viewed as the unfinished business of humanistic psychology. Additional research is needed to support some of the theoretical positions of humanistic psychology which have emerged from clinical practice, education, and management consultation rather than from laboratories and field studies. The…

Presents the text of a talk by Shields, who represented Leta Hollingworth (1886-1939), at the 1983 American Psychological Association convention where scholars lectured as a figure from the past on Heidbreder's seven psychologies. Reviews psychological research at Teachers College and Columbia University from 1911 through the 1920s and evaluates…

This paper examines 100 years of study of managers and leaders. The paper is divided into five distinct eras, with a color scheme providing a metaphor for each period. The five periods and their dates are: (1) Management Foundations, 1886-1916, when the first call was issued for a systematic study of management; (2) Rollercoaster Economy,…

The importance of man's relationship to time has been widely recognized in psychology. However, ideas about how the subject should be defined and studied have varied greatly. To explore the phenomenological "experience of time", 20 white, middle class, mature, articulate adults (10 male, 10 female) participated in 1-hour semi-structured,…

The response of patients with stress problems to one of five music genres during biofeedback training is measured. Fifty male and female patients between the ages of 15 and 25 who were receiving psychotherapy, self-help counseling, and physical fitness training as well as biofeedback training comprised the sample. Using a Biofeedback Systems…

Interactive computer-generated simulations that highlight psychological principles were investigated in this study in which 33 female and 19 male undergraduate college student volunteers of median age 21 matched line and circle sizes in six variations of Ponzo's illusion. Prior to working with the illusions, data were collected based on subjects'…

Most discussions of measurement theory are focused on "scales" of measurement, but it is not clear whether reference is made to the mechanisms of measurement or the metric information derived from measurement. This emphasis on scales in measurement theory has not always provided a meaningful or fruitful description of measurement activities in…

Study in writing processes, as presented in this paper, is based on the assumption that in order to write effectively, writers must be able not only to present ideas and feelings, but also to engage in the cognitive processes that will help them discover what they wish to say about a given idea, attitude, or set of data. These basic cognitive…