This study investigated the possibility of employing mildly mentally retarded residents to observe the mealtime behaviors of lower level mentally retarded residents. Then these residents were employed as reinforcing agents, to determine if a retarded "trainer" could modify the observed mealtime behaviors within a multiple baseline design.…

Previous studies have shown a low rate of engagement in pleasant activities to be a concomitant of depression. The crucial question addressed by the Hammen and Glass study (1975) is whether an increase in pleasant-activity level will produce a decrease in depression level. (Editor)

Similarity of impairment in naturally occurring depression and laboratory-induced, learned helplessness was demonstrated in college students. (Editor)

These studies constituted attempts to determine whether and to what extent the problems exhibited by children with learning disabilities are due to dysfunction at the level of the cerebral hemispheres. (Author)

Three theoretical viewpoints have dominated the recent empirically oriented literature on depression: Beck's cognitive view, Seligman's helplessness model, and Lewinsohn's theory implicating a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement. Here each theory is evaluated individually interms of its empirical support and adequacy as a theory and all…

This study offered support for behavioral formulations of depression and suggested the utility of viewing depression as including multiple specific behaviors. (Author/RK)

The hypothesis was tested that the expectancy of the hypnotist is especially significant in determining the nature of the response of susceptible subjects. (Editor)

This research attempted to find the causal relation between mood and level of reinforcement. An effort was made to learn what mood change might occur if depressed subjects increased their levels of participation in reinforcing activities. (Author/RK)

The present study was designed to assess the mood correlates of learned helplessness in human subjects. (Editor)

Recent work has shown that unpredictable and/or uncontrollable events can produce a variety of cognitive, affective, and somatic disturbances to the organism. These disturbances are compared to and found to be quite similar to the symptoms of the classic cases of experimental neurosis described by Pavlov, Gantt, Liddell, Masserman, and Wolpe.…

It is argued that conclusions drawn from Kirkegaard-Sorensen and Mednick's recent study on criminality are weakened by inadequate selection of controls. (Editor)

The purpose of this study was to propose an alternative explanation of defective sociopathic avoidance conditioning based on the model of sensory reinforcement (Duffy, 1962) and the principle of optimal stimulation (Leuba, 1955). (Author)