Nearly all chapters in this volume are contemporary original research on personality, stress, and coping in educational contexts. The research spans primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Research participants are students and teachers. The volume brings together contributions from the United States, Australia, Canada, Italy, Scotland, and…

Based on a theory of self-awareness it was hypothesized that induced attention to the self would facilitate aggression if the salient standard of behavior was one in which high aggression was positively valued. (Editor)

Two experiments were performed to examine the influence of liking on causal attributions of another person's behavior. (Editor)

The hypothesis that the presence of males inhibits the emergence of women as leaders and that this phenomenon is unrelated to differences in dominance, but rather to sex role expectations, was tested. Thirty women attending a woman's college were paired with both male and female peers, whom they did not know, for an experimental task in which one…

Reviews of research in the area of creativity have consistently emphasized the importance of the criterion problem while simultaneously documenting its neglect by contemporary investigators. The failure to explicitly place the criterion problem within an appropriate conceptual model is perhaps a major reason for the failure to confront directly…

Research was conducted to investigate the phenomena associated with an individual's having perceived control or actual control over aversive stimuli. In all, 10 studies were conducted, 7 of which were directly relevant to investigating variables affecting perceived or actual control, and 3 being "spin-off" experiments. The seven studies…

Employs cognitive mapping and behavioral mapping strategies in conjunction, using behavioral data to help verify the cognitive mapping findings. Indicates that both observed and reported environmental behavior patterns are directly related to those spatial areas emphasized or excluded in the cognitive maps and to subjective distortions in mapping.…

Sixty college students, representing three of Kohlberg's moral judgment stages, were exposed to a compliance situation. Self-awareness was experimentally increased in 30 subjects. Those in moral stages 3 and 4 complied significantly more than stage 5 subjects. Results are discussed in terms of a cognition-behavior relationship. (Author/SJL)

This study relates Eric Berne's theory of Transactional Analysis to the effectiveness of advertising messages. A 30 item Personality Mode Test was constructed in order to assess subject agreement with statements reflecting Berne's three personality states: parent (social evaluative), adult (controlled rationality), and child (emotiveness). After…

Level of cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) is examined for opponents acting in their own behalf or as members of a reference group consisting of strangers or friends. This subject classification interacted with trials, representatives of friend groups manifesting a consistently high level of cooperation throughout, and representatives of…

A significant loss in attraction effect has never been obtained from subjects who are the direct recipients of another's evaluation. Rather, the effect has been obtained only from those subjects who assume the role of recipient of another's evaluation. In a discussion context, the present study compared direct recipients (DR) and role playing…

There is increasing debate over the unidimensionality of the construct "drive" in theories of behavior. The earliest drive theory postulated a simple entity which increased or decreased as a function of external or internal stimulation and affected behavior monotonically. Duffy and Malmo have recently hypothesized that the effects of…

The relationship between external reinforcement of behavior and depression is explored. Specifically, the psychological study measures the role of cognition in depression by comparing decision-making problems, lack of assertiveness, and perceptions of control in male and female undergraduate college students and psychiatric patients. It was…

The paper develops a theory of political alienation based upon interactions among three antecedent conditions. Political alienation is interpreted as combining feelings of inefficacy, discontent, cynicism, estrangement, and hopelessness. The factors evaluated for their contribution to political alienation are: (1) critical perceptions of…