Five studies document the validity of a new 8-item scale designed to measure "positivity," defined as the tendency to view life and experiences with a positive outlook. In the first study (N = 372), the psychometric properties of Positivity Scale (P Scale) were examined in accordance with classical test theory using a large number of…

An investigation of the cross-cultural validity of the femininity (Fe) scale in samples of 300 male and 300 female Japanese university students found that 30 of the 38 items differentiated in the same direction as in the original U.S. studies and also that the total score on the scale gave good separation between the Japanese males and females.…

New research shows that Japanese achieved significantly higher average IQ scores than did their American counterparts. These results provide the focus of a discussion on the nature/nurture controversey, validity of using IQ scores in comparing mental capacity of races and nationality groups, and other factors related to intelligence testing. (JN)

The findings of the following four recent surveys on clinical test use in the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, and Hong Kong are reviewed: (1) "Clinical Psychological Test Usage in Japan: A Comparative Study with a Survey in the U.S.A." (T. Ogawa and C. Piotrowski, 1992); (2) "Patterns of Psychological Test Use in Hong…