Data collected from surveys can result in hundreds of variables and thousands of respondents. This implies that time and energy must be devoted to (a) carefully entering the data into a database, (b) running preliminary analyses to identify any problems (e.g., missing data, potential outliers), (c) checking the reliability and validity of the…

Several studies have reported high comorbidity for reading disability (RD) and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the comorbidity of subthreshold and full psychiatric disorders with RD while comparing subgroups based on age of RD recognition (early vs. late). We analyzed data from 130 children with RD and 82 typically…

It has been suggested that tacit knowledge may be a good predictor of performance in college. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which a situational judgment test developed to measure tacit knowledge correlates with predictors and indicators of college performance. This situational judgment test includes eight situations…

Background: Half of pediatric-onset OCD cases remit by adulthood. Studies have demonstrated that initial response to pharmacotherapy, age of onset, prominent hoarding symptoms, and the presence of comorbid tic disorders are associated with long-term outcome. Our goal was to examine the association between childhood performance on…

Statistical inference concerning the parameters of k multivariate normal populations is considered. Several models in which the parameters have certain hierarchical relationships are discussed, in particular as related to testing the hypothesis that k psychological tests are parallel forms of the same test. The report contains the following…

Attempted to provide a direct investigation of the nature and stress-reducing quality of complementary projection, a process by which an individual attributes causality for his or her own feelings, traits, or behaviors onto other people. (Author/RK)

A logically sound and methodologically easy technique for improving the construct validity of instruments and developed for relatively new concepts is described. It is based on the premise that if an instrument is valid, so should be each item within it and, therefore, the latter should sustain in field setting the behavioral implications derived…

A numerical procedure is outlined for obtaining an interval estimate of true score. The procedure is applied to several sets of test data. (Author)

Two experiments are reported that examine the possibility that exercise selectively influences different types of cognition. To our knowledge, these experiments represent the first attempt to study higher-cognitive processes during exercise. Theoretical thinking was guided by the transient hypofrontality hypothesis. In both experiments, athletes…

When evaluating the utility of a psychological test for clinical decision making, both the psychometric properties of the test (i.e., the reliability and validity of the instrument) and the ambiguity of the language by which test results are interpreted or communicated need to be considered. Although each has been studied independently, to date…

A new general approach to the problem of oblique factor transformation is identified and presented as an alternative to the common "blind" transformation techniques currently available. In addition, techniques for implementing such an approach are developed. The first section of the paper contains a brief review of the procrustes problem. The next…

A simple, rigorous, small-sample statistical technique is described for testing the hypothesis that two sets of measurements differ only because of errors of measurement and because of differing origins and units of measurement. (Author)

The aim of this study was to examine pattern difficulty as a general factor influencing orientation errors, and to explore psychological differentiation and task perception as variables accounting for cross-cultural differences. Samples of 30 boys and 30 girls in Ghana and Scotland were tested. (Editor)