Textbook passages commonly include elaborations (details supporting main ideas) with the assumption that elaborations will improve learning of the main ideas. However, elaborations increase text length, which subsequently increases the reading time of that text. These observations lead to the two focal questions of interest in the current study:…

Whereas most latter-day Aristotelian approaches to moral education highlight the early habituation phase of moral development, they rarely have much to say, beyond truisms from the "Nicomachean ethics," about the ultimate Aristotelian goal of cultivating fully fledged "phronesis." The aim of this article is to repair the dearth…

Mathematics curricula increasingly emphasise the importance of mathematical communication. Students are seen as progressing from the use of a more informal or everyday form of communication to a more mathematical approach. There have, however, been very few studies of how mathematicians actually talk about mathematics. This paper reports analysis…

Contrary to widely held belief, Watons and Rayner's (1920) experiment with Little Albert is not first reported case of classical conditioning of a child. Their work was preceded by that of Bogen and of Krasnogorskii. Mateer's work either preceded or coincided with Watons and Rayner's. This article clarifies chronology of these early studies of…

Announces the 2007 recipient of the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology: McCay Vernon. A brief biography, highlighting areas of special focus in Vernon's work, is provided.

Numerous theories of depression have been proposed and tested with several variables being implicated in the etiology of unipolar depression in the last 15 years. The time has come for unification and integration of recent depression research. Four characteristics of the preunified theory of depression include: (1) failure of researchers to relate…

There is a need for community-based, culturally sensitive, cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior among minority adolescents. Studies of adolescent risk and protective behaviors have focused on identifying modifiable psychosocial variables that predict differential outcomes for subsequent intervention efforts. Research…

Introduces special journal issue focused on increasing involvement of counseling psychologists in neuropsychology. Notes that preparing counseling psychologists in neuropsychology is consistent with historical emphases of the specialty and that changing professional responsibilities require the acquisition of new knowledge and skills to enable…

Explores integration of counseling psychology and neuropsychology in hospital setting. Sees example of such interchange occurring in rehabilitation unit or hospital where psychologist has responsibilities for helping patients, families, and staff to understand implications of central nervous system dysfunction and to adapt to changes. Discusses…

Explores the history of the relationship between religion and psychology, integration difficulties within psychotherapy, and recommendations for problem resolution. Presents two religious frameworks psychologists can use to reduce conflicts and enhance religious concerns. Concludes psychology has a responsibility to examine the religious realm in…

Notes profound connection between personality and developmental psychology on one hand and counseling psychology on other although relationship has been ambivalence. Discusses reasons for this and suggests relationship is moving in direction of actualization. Explores four substantive areas in which personality and developmental psychology inform…

Traces historical development from individual differences psychology through psychological testing, vocational counseling, and student personnel work, to counseling psychology. Describes individual differences tradition in counseling psychology research and practice. Discusses how individual differences psychology has influenced counseling…

Presents minutes of midyear executive board meeting of American Psychological Association's Division 17, Counseling Psychology. Reviews standing committee reports from education and training, ethics and cultural diversity, hospitality suite, independent practice, membership, nominations, professional affairs, program committee, scientific affairs,…

Discusses the lack of reliable instruments for studying African American behavior and psychological functioning as a technical and philosophical flaw in Western psychology. Surveys the development of Africentric theory-based assessment instruments and presents the African Self-Consciousness Scale, a 42-item personalilty questionnaire designed to…

Provides an overview of the formal ethics system within psychology. Describes the structure of the American Psychological Association (APA) and state ethics systems, functions of APA's Committee on Scientific and Professional Ethics and Conduct, and its procedures for handling complaints. (Author/CMG)