Egon Brunswik (1903-1955) first made an interesting distinction between perception and explicit reasoning, arguing that perception included quick estimates of an object's size, nearly always resulting in good approximations in uncertain environments, whereas explicit reasoning, while better at achieving exact estimates, could often fail by wide…

The psychological literature currently emphasizes reporting the "effect size" of research findings in addition to the outcome of any tests of significance. However, some confusion may result from the fact that there are three distinct uses of effect sizes in the psychological literature, namely, power analysis, research synthesis, and research…