Ideas about gender are changing. The UK and other countries are moving towards altering laws about gender recognition. Intersex people can be recognised as such in some countries. In the global North, nonbinary identities are becoming more common, and this is reflected in changes to recording systems. Referrals to child gender identity clinics are rising, and increasingly we have children in our schools who are socially transitioning, delaying puberty with hormone blockers, or starting hormonal gender transition. In this paper I consider how gender and education researchers should respond to these changes. I focus in particular on: the relationship between bodies and identity; artificially delayed puberty and how this affects ideas about childhood innocence; and the greater prevalence of nonbinary identifications. I argue that gender and education researchers will need to make significant changes to our underpinning theoretical frameworks and research practices in order to take these changes into account.