This article aims to contribute to the debate on the role of the Quota Law regarding the potential social mobility of students with high socioeconomic adversity, using administrative data from a federal university in Brazil. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique to construct an adversity index, composed of variables that may negatively…

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of internationalization policies in Korean higher education since 1993. Deregulation was a key strategy of Korean governments, but this strategy has led to an increasing oversupply of enrolment capacity. In response, the current government is implementing a system of reregulation to reduce the…

The purpose of this paper is twofold; first the paper explores and describes the complex ways in which social exclusion can (sometimes) be reconstituted within policy attempts at social inclusion: the quota policy in India. Second, the paper provides a grounded account of the connectedness of inclusion/exclusion and an illustration of how those…

Summarizes a background paper presented and discussion held at a 1978 conference for human rights professionals. Reviews issues related to legal and illegal migration, quotas, and the coordination of migration policies. (GC)

"Affirmative action" is the term typically used to refer to two contrasting values: the value of equal opportunity and the value of equal results. The Justice Department under the Reagan Administration, however, draws a clear distinction between the two, and is committed to the "original" meaning of affirmative action. That is,…

Suggests that Bakke was not rejected because he was white or because of a minority program, but rather because he was not highly qualified and in addition possibly because of his age. (Author/AM)

Examines factors that underlie the tendency of various countries to shift responsibility for examining refugees' requests for asylum to another country. Finds that political and economic concerns, attitudes toward refugees and foreigners, and racial prejudice and cultural bias all play a role in a country's acceptance of its responsibility…

Examines reasons given for affirmative action quotas for minorities and asserts that such justifications as reparation and mitigation of poverty do not apply to women as a group. Thus argues that women should be treated fairly as individuals but that quotas make no sense. (GC)

In these remarks, William Bradford Reynolds, Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, discusses American civil rights in the light of past and present Federal policy. A review of constitutional provisions, legislation, and court litigation reveals how policy has variously provided for equality and perpetuated…

Explains why women may not be natural opponents of the California Civil Right Initiative (CCRI). The article stresses women's success, or nonsuccess, in the economy comes not from preference-based governmental action, or lack of it, but to other issues. It supports the notion that the CCRI will pass into legislation with the strong support of…

Executive orders concerning nondiscrimination in employment have been issued by past administrations from Roosevelt to Kennedy. It was President Johnson who first used the term "affirmative action" in advocating employment regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin and who instituted requirements for organizations to develop affirmative…

Examines three aspects of the Immigration Act of 1924: (1) the invention of "national origins" and the process by which immigration quotas were determined as policy; (2) the evolution of "ineligibility to citizenship" that applied to all Asians; and (3) immigration law and the racial formation of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans.…

In these remarks, the Assistant Attorney General for the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, discusses the Department's policy to enforce Federal equal employment opportunity guarantees without supporting quotas and other numerical formulae that provide preferential treatment. The discussion counters the charge that this policy is…

Examines the court transformation of civil rights from equal opportunity and nondiscrimination to racial/gender/ethnic proportional representation. It analyzes the implications for justice and equality and suggests that it is time to restore the moral ideals of the civil rights coalition of 1964. (GR)

This volume presents viewpoints of government representatives, legal experts, economists, and private sector representatives on recommendations for reforms in U.S. immigration policy and legislation submitted to the President and to Congress by the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. Included are: (1) a report of issues considered…